7 Steps To Problem-Solving

The 7 steps to problem-solving is a disciplined and methodical approach to identifying and then addressing the root cause of problems. Instead, a more robust approach involves working through a problem using the hypothesis-driven framework of the scientific method. Each viable hypothesis is tested using a range of specific diagnostics and then recommendations are made.

Aspect	Explanation
Concept Overview	– 7 Steps to Problem-Solving is a systematic approach to addressing complex challenges and making informed decisions. It provides a structured framework for identifying, analyzing, and solving problems in various contexts, including business, engineering, research, and everyday life.
Purpose and Importance	– The primary purpose of the 7 Steps is to guide problem-solving efforts in a logical and organized manner, increasing the likelihood of finding effective solutions. It helps individuals and teams tackle problems methodically, making the process more efficient and reducing the risk of overlooking critical factors.
Key Steps	– 1. Identify the Problem: Begin by clearly defining the problem or challenge. Understand its scope, its impact on stakeholders, and the desired outcome. – 2. Gather Information: Collect data and relevant information to understand the problem’s context and causes. Use various sources and research methods to obtain insights. – 3. Generate Solutions: Explore potential solutions and brainstorm ideas. Encourage creativity and divergent thinking to produce a wide range of options. – 4. Analyze Solutions: Evaluate the pros and cons of each solution. Consider factors such as feasibility, cost, impact, and potential risks. – 5. Select the Best Solution: Choose the solution that aligns best with your problem definition and analysis. Prioritize solutions based on their potential to address the problem effectively. – 6. Implement the Solution: Develop an action plan for implementing the chosen solution. Assign responsibilities, allocate resources, and establish a timeline. – 7. Evaluate the Outcome: After implementation, assess the results. Measure success against predefined criteria and make adjustments if necessary. Document the lessons learned for future reference.
Flexibility and Adaptation	– While the 7 Steps provide a structured approach, they are not strictly linear. Iterative processes and feedback loops can be incorporated, allowing for adjustments at any stage based on new insights or changing circumstances. The framework is adaptable to various problem types and complexities.
Applications	– The 7 Steps to Problem-Solving can be applied to a wide range of challenges, including business process improvement, product development, project management, conflict resolution, and personal decision-making. Its versatility makes it a valuable tool in both professional and personal contexts.
Challenges and Pitfalls	– Challenges in problem-solving may include biases that affect decision-making, insufficient data, and uncertainty about outcomes. Being aware of these challenges and applying critical thinking skills can help avoid pitfalls and improve the quality of problem-solving efforts.
Interpersonal Skills	– Effective problem-solving often involves collaboration and communication with others. Interpersonal skills, such as active listening, conflict resolution, and teamwork, play a crucial role in the success of the 7 Steps, especially when problems involve multiple stakeholders.
Documentation and Learning	– Documenting each step of the problem-solving process is valuable for knowledge transfer and continuous improvement. It allows organizations and individuals to learn from past experiences and apply insights to future challenges.
Technology Integration	– The integration of technology tools and data analytics can enhance problem-solving by providing data-driven insights and automation of certain tasks. These tools can assist in data collection, analysis, and decision support, improving the efficiency of the 7 Steps.
Cultural and Ethical Considerations	– Considerations related to diversity, cultural sensitivity, and ethical implications should be part of the problem-solving process. Ethical decision-making ensures that solutions align with values, respect diverse perspectives, and consider the broader impact on society and stakeholders.

Table of Contents

Understanding the 7 steps to problem-solving

The core argument of this approach is that the most obvious solutions to a problem are often not the best solutions.

Good problem-solving in business is a skill that must be learned. Businesses that are adept at problem-solving take responsibility for their own decisions and have courage and confidence in their convictions. Ultimately, this removes doubt which can impede the growth of businesses and indeed employees alike.

Moving through the 7 steps to problem-solving

Although many versions of the 7-step approach exist, the McKinsey approach is the most widely used in business settings. Here is how decision makers can move through each of the steps systematically.

Step 1 – Define the problem

First, the scope and extent of the problem must be identified. Actions and behaviors of individuals must be the focus – instead of a focus on the individuals themselves. Whatever the case, the problem must be clearly defined and be universally accepted by all relevant parties.

Step 2 – Disaggregate the problem

In the second step, break down the problem (challenge) into smaller parts using logic trees and develop an early hypothesis. Here, economic and scientific principles can be useful in brainstorming potential solutions. Avoid cognitive biases, such as deciding that a previous solution should be used again because it worked last time.

Step 3 – Prioritize issues

Which constituent parts could be key driving factors of the problem? Prioritize each according to those which have the biggest impact on the problem. Eliminate parts that have negligible impact. This step helps businesses use their resources wisely.

Step 4 – Plan the analyses

Before testing each hypothesis, develop a work and process plan for each. Staff should be assigned to analytical tasks with unique output and completion dates. Hypothesis testing should also be reviewed at regular intervals to measure viability and adjust strategies accordingly.

Step 5 – Conduct the analyses

In step five, gather the critical data required to accept or reject each hypothesis. Data analysis methods will vary according to the nature of the project, but each business must understand the reasons for implementing specific methods. In question-based problem solving, the Five Whys or Fishbone method may be used. More complicated problems may require the use of statistical analysis. In any case, this is often the longest and most complex step of the process.

Step 6 – Synthesise the results

Once the results have been determined, they must be synthesized in such a way that they can be tested for validity and logic. In a business context, assess the implications of the findings for a business moving forward. Does it solve the problem?

Step 7 – Communicate

In the final step, the business must present the solutions in such a way that they link back to the original problem statement. When presenting to clients, this is vital. It shows that the business understands the problem and has a solution supported by facts or hard data. Above all, the data should be woven into a convincing story that ends with recommendations for future action.

Key takeaways

7 steps to problem-solving is a methodical approach to problem-solving based on the scientific method.
Although a somewhat rigorous approach, the strategy can be learned by any business willing to devote the time and resources.
Fundamentally, the 7 steps to problem-solving method involves formulating and then testing hypotheses. Through the process of elimination, a business can narrow its focus to the likely root cause of a problem.

Key Highlights

Definition: The 7 Steps to Problem-Solving is a structured methodology rooted in the scientific method. It emphasizes systematic hypothesis testing and data analysis to identify and address the root cause of problems, avoiding surface-level solutions.
Problem-Solving Skill: Effective problem-solving is a learned skill that fosters responsible decision-making, boosts confidence, and supports business growth.
McKinsey Approach:
1. Define the Problem: Clearly outline the problem’s scope and impact, focusing on actions and behaviors rather than individuals.
2. Disaggregate the Problem: Break down the problem into smaller parts using logic trees and form early hypotheses. Avoid biases from past solutions.
3. Prioritize Issues: Identify key driving factors of the problem and prioritize them by impact. Eliminate parts with minimal impact to allocate resources efficiently.
4. Plan the Analyses: Develop work and process plans for hypothesis testing, assigning staff and setting completion dates. Regularly review and adjust strategies.
5. Conduct the Analyses: Gather critical data to accept or reject hypotheses. Use methods like Five Whys, Fishbone diagrams, or statistical analysis.
6. Synthesize the Results: Combine and analyze results to determine their validity and implications for the business. Assess if the problem is solved.
7. Communicate: Present solutions that link back to the original problem statement, supported by facts. Create a compelling story ending with recommendations.
Key Characteristics:
- The 7 Steps to Problem-Solving is based on the scientific method.
- It requires a structured approach to formulating and testing hypotheses.
- Businesses willing to invest time and resources can learn and apply this method effectively.

Related Concepts	Description	When to Apply
7 Steps to Problem-Solving	The 7 Steps to Problem-Solving is a systematic approach used to address complex issues, make informed decisions, and find effective solutions to problems. These steps typically include: 1. Identifying the Problem: Clearly define the issue or challenge that needs to be resolved. 2. Gathering Information: Collect relevant data, facts, and insights to understand the problem’s underlying causes and implications. 3. Generating Solutions: Brainstorm potential solutions or approaches to address the problem, considering various perspectives and creative alternatives. 4. Analyzing Solutions: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each solution based on feasibility, effectiveness, and alignment with goals and constraints. 5. Selecting a Solution: Choose the most promising solution or combination of solutions that best address the problem and achieve the desired outcomes. 6. Implementing the Solution: Develop a plan of action and execute the chosen solution, allocating resources, assigning responsibilities, and monitoring progress. 7. Evaluating the Results: Assess the effectiveness of the implemented solution by measuring outcomes, gathering feedback, and identifying lessons learned for future problem-solving endeavors. 7 Steps to Problem-Solving provide a structured framework for systematic thinking, collaboration, and decision-making, facilitating the resolution of complex problems and the achievement of desired objectives.	– When faced with complex challenges, issues, or decisions that require a structured approach to problem-solving and decision-making.
Problem Solving Strategies	Problem Solving Strategies encompass a variety of approaches and techniques used to analyze problems, devise solutions, and overcome obstacles effectively. These strategies may include: 1. Divide and Conquer: Break down complex problems into smaller, more manageable tasks or components to facilitate analysis and problem-solving. 2. Brainstorming: Generate ideas, solutions, and alternatives through open-ended discussion, creativity, and collaboration with others. 3. Root Cause Analysis: Identify the underlying causes or contributing factors of a problem to address its fundamental source rather than just treating symptoms. 4. Decision Trees: Construct visual diagrams or flowcharts to map out decision-making processes, options, and potential outcomes to guide informed choices. 5. Trial and Error: Experiment with different approaches, solutions, or strategies through iterative testing and learning from failures to refine problem-solving efforts. 6. Critical Thinking: Apply logical reasoning, analysis, and evaluation skills to assess information, identify patterns, and draw well-founded conclusions to solve problems effectively. 7. Collaboration: Engage with diverse perspectives, expertise, and stakeholders to leverage collective knowledge, insights, and resources in addressing complex problems collaboratively. Problem Solving Strategies enable individuals and teams to approach problems systematically, creatively, and efficiently, leading to innovative solutions and improved decision-making outcomes.	– When encountering challenges, obstacles, or issues that require analytical thinking, creativity, and strategic problem-solving to develop effective solutions and achieve desired outcomes.
Decision-Making Process	The Decision-Making Process is a systematic approach used to evaluate options, make choices, and take action in various personal, professional, and organizational contexts. It typically involves the following steps: 1. Identifying the Decision: Clarify the decision to be made and its significance in achieving objectives or addressing concerns. 2. Gathering Information: Collect relevant data, facts, and insights to understand the decision context, alternatives, and potential consequences. 3. Analyzing Options: Assess the strengths, weaknesses, risks, and implications of available options or courses of action using criteria and decision-making tools. 4. Making the Decision: Evaluate the information and analysis to make a choice or commitment based on informed judgment, intuition, or consensus among decision-makers. 5. Implementing the Decision: Develop a plan of action and execute the chosen decision, allocating resources, setting timelines, and monitoring progress towards desired outcomes. 6. Evaluating the Decision: Review the decision’s outcomes, impacts, and effectiveness, gathering feedback, and adjusting course if needed to improve future decision-making processes. The Decision-Making Process provides a structured framework for thoughtful analysis, evaluation, and action to make sound decisions and achieve desired objectives effectively.	– When confronted with choices, dilemmas, or opportunities that require careful consideration, analysis, and evaluation to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions.
Root Cause Analysis	Root Cause Analysis is a problem-solving technique used to identify the underlying causes or factors contributing to a problem or issue, rather than just addressing its symptoms. It involves the following steps: 1. Define the Problem: Clearly articulate the problem or issue that needs to be investigated and resolved. 2. Collect Data: Gather relevant information, data, and evidence to understand the problem’s context, history, and impacts. 3. Identify Potential Causes: Brainstorm and list possible causes or factors that may contribute to the problem’s occurrence or persistence. 4. Prioritize Causes: Analyze and prioritize the potential causes based on their likelihood, impact, and relevance to the problem at hand. 5. Conduct Analysis: Investigate each potential cause in depth, using techniques such as interviews, observations, or data analysis to determine its validity and significance. 6. Identify Root Cause(s): Determine the primary or underlying cause(s) that directly lead to the problem’s occurrence or recurrence, considering systemic, human, and organizational factors. 7. Develop Solutions: Generate corrective actions or interventions to address the root cause(s) and prevent the problem from reoccurring in the future. Root Cause Analysis helps organizations and individuals address problems systematically, improve processes, and enhance performance by addressing underlying issues rather than treating symptoms.	– When encountering recurring problems, issues, or failures that require deeper investigation and understanding to identify their underlying causes and develop effective solutions.
Systems Thinking	Systems Thinking is a holistic approach to problem-solving and decision-making that considers the interrelationships, dynamics, and feedback loops within complex systems. It involves the following principles: 1. Understanding Interconnections: Recognize and explore the connections and interactions among components, elements, or variables within a system. 2. Embracing Feedback Loops: Analyze the feedback mechanisms and loops that influence system behavior and outcomes over time. 3. Considering System Dynamics: Evaluate the dynamic behavior, patterns, and emergent properties that arise from interactions within the system. 4. Examining System Boundaries: Define the boundaries and scope of the system under study, including its inputs, outputs, and external influences. 5. Identifying Leverage Points: Identify key leverage points or intervention opportunities within the system where small changes can lead to significant impacts or outcomes. 6. Promoting Systems Awareness: Foster a systemic mindset and awareness among stakeholders to recognize the interconnectedness of issues, anticipate unintended consequences, and collaborate effectively in addressing complex challenges. Systems Thinking enables individuals and organizations to understand complex systems, anticipate their behavior, and leverage leverage points for effective problem-solving and decision-making.	– When dealing with complex, interconnected problems or challenges that involve multiple stakeholders, variables, and feedback loops, requiring a holistic understanding and approach to address effectively.
Critical Thinking	Critical Thinking is a cognitive process of analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information to form reasoned judgments, make informed decisions, and solve problems effectively. It involves the following components: 1. Questioning Assumptions: Challenge assumptions, biases, and preconceptions to gain a deeper understanding of issues and perspectives. 2. Gathering and Analyzing Evidence: Collect relevant evidence, data, and arguments to support logical reasoning and informed decision-making. 3. Considering Multiple Perspectives: Evaluate diverse viewpoints, opinions, and interpretations to gain insights and consider alternative solutions. 4. Recognizing Patterns and Relationships: Identify patterns, trends, and connections within information or data to discern underlying relationships and implications. 5. Drawing Inferences and Conclusions: Make reasoned inferences and draw logical conclusions based on available evidence, analysis, and critical thinking. 6. Reflecting on Assumptions and Biases: Reflect on personal biases, assumptions, and cognitive limitations that may influence thinking and decision-making processes. Critical Thinking skills are essential for analyzing complex issues, evaluating evidence, and making informed decisions in various personal, academic, and professional contexts.	– When facing complex problems, ambiguous situations, or conflicting information that require rigorous analysis, logical reasoning, and informed judgment to arrive at well-founded conclusions and effective solutions.
Creative Problem-Solving	Creative Problem-Solving is an approach that emphasizes generating innovative solutions to challenges by thinking outside the box, exploring unconventional ideas, and embracing experimentation. It involves the following elements: 1. Defining the Problem: Clearly articulate the problem or opportunity that requires creative solutions and identify desired outcomes. 2. Generating Ideas: Encourage brainstorming and creative thinking techniques to generate a wide range of ideas, alternatives, and possibilities. 3. Exploring Alternatives: Evaluate and explore unconventional or unexpected solutions that may diverge from traditional approaches or assumptions. 4. Experimenting and Prototyping: Test and refine potential solutions through experimentation, prototyping, or pilot projects to assess feasibility and effectiveness. 5. Embracing Failure and Iteration: Embrace failure as part of the creative process and iterate on ideas based on feedback, insights, and lessons learned. 6. Collaborating and Diverging: Collaborate with diverse stakeholders, perspectives, and disciplines to stimulate creativity, innovation, and synergy in problem-solving efforts. Creative Problem-Solving fosters a culture of innovation, experimentation, and continuous improvement, enabling individuals and teams to address complex challenges with fresh perspectives and imaginative solutions.	– When seeking to break through conventional thinking, explore new possibilities, and develop innovative solutions to complex problems or opportunities that require creativity, imagination, and out-of-the-box thinking.
Lean Problem-Solving	Lean Problem-Solving is an approach derived from Lean principles and methodologies, focusing on identifying and eliminating waste, inefficiencies, and non-value-added activities in processes or systems. It involves the following principles: 1. Defining Value: Identify the value desired by customers or stakeholders and prioritize efforts to deliver value-added outcomes. 2. Mapping the Process: Visualize and map out the current state of processes or workflows to identify bottlenecks, redundancies, and areas for improvement. 3. Root Cause Analysis: Analyze problems systematically to identify underlying causes and factors contributing to inefficiencies or defects. 4. Implementing Solutions: Develop and implement targeted solutions or countermeasures to address root causes and streamline processes. 5. Standardizing Practices: Establish standardized work practices, procedures, or guidelines to sustain improvements and prevent recurrence of problems. 6. Continuous Improvement: Foster a culture of continuous learning, experimentation, and adaptation to drive ongoing improvements and optimize performance over time. Lean Problem-Solving emphasizes efficiency, effectiveness, and customer value, enabling organizations to enhance productivity, quality, and competitiveness in their operations.	– When aiming to improve operational performance, streamline processes, and eliminate waste or inefficiencies in workflows or systems by applying Lean principles and problem-solving methodologies to identify and address root causes effectively.
Design Thinking	Design Thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation and problem-solving that emphasizes empathy, creativity, and iterative prototyping to develop solutions that meet users’ needs and preferences. It involves the following stages: 1. Empathize: Understand users’ needs, motivations, and pain points through observation, interviews, and immersion in their experiences. 2. Define: Define the problem or opportunity based on insights gathered from empathizing with users and identifying their challenges or aspirations. 3. Ideate: Generate a wide range of creative ideas, concepts, and solutions to address the defined problem or opportunity, leveraging divergent thinking techniques. 4. Prototype: Develop rapid prototypes or representations of potential solutions to test and refine ideas, gathering feedback from users and stakeholders. 5. Test: Evaluate prototypes with users to validate assumptions, gather insights, and iteratively refine solutions based on feedback and observations. 6. Implement: Implement and scale solutions that have been iteratively developed and validated through the design thinking process, ensuring they address users’ needs effectively. Design Thinking fosters innovation, collaboration, and user-centricity, enabling organizations to develop products, services, and experiences that resonate with users and create meaningful impact.	– When seeking to develop innovative solutions, products, or services that are user-centric, intuitive, and impactful by applying a human-centered approach to problem-solving and design.
Agile Problem-Solving	Agile Problem-Solving is an iterative, collaborative approach to addressing complex problems and adapting to changing circumstances in dynamic environments. It aligns with Agile principles and methodologies used in software development and project management. Key aspects include: 1. Iterative Planning: Break down problems into smaller, manageable tasks or iterations that can be tackled incrementally and adaptively. 2. Collaborative Teams: Form cross-functional teams that collaborate closely, share knowledge, and work iteratively to solve problems and deliver value. 3. Continuous Improvement: Embrace feedback, experimentation, and reflection to learn from experiences, iterate on solutions, and improve outcomes over time. 4. Adaptability: Respond quickly and flexibly to changes, uncertainties, and emerging insights by adjusting plans, priorities, and approaches as needed. 5. Transparency: Maintain transparency and visibility into progress, challenges, and decision-making processes to foster trust and alignment among team members and stakeholders. Agile Problem-Solving promotes flexibility, responsiveness, and resilience, enabling teams to navigate complexity and deliver value effectively in dynamic environments.	– When confronting complex, rapidly evolving problems or projects that require adaptive, collaborative approaches to problem-solving, decision-making, and value delivery in uncertain or changing conditions.