Visa Business Bodel

Visa Inc. is a multinational financial services company that provides electronic payment services to consumers, businesses, and governments worldwide. In most instances, the services are provided via the company’s branded credit, debit, and prepaid cards. 

Visa started life as a credit card program launched by the Bank of America in 1958. The program, known as BankAmericard, was the brainchild of leader Joseph P. Williams, the Customer Research Services Group, and an internal product development think tank.

Understanding Visa’s business model

The Visa business model revolves around facilitating the movement of money between consumers, merchants, businesses, strategic partners, governments, and financial institutions. In an industry where innovation has created new ways to pay, the company has had to evolve to stay relevant. 

To that end, Visa extends, enhances, and invests in a proprietary electronic payments network known as VisaNet. The network is the largest and most sophisticated in the world and provides telecommunications, payment processing, payment authorization, and numerous value-added services such as fraud control and risk management

According to its 2022 Annual Report, Visa also hopes to “become a network of networks, offering a single connection point for senders and receivers to enable money movement to all endpoints and to all form factors, using all available networks.

How does Visa make money?

Visa makes money from four primary revenue streams:

  1. Service (fiscal year 2022 revenue of $13.4 billion) – revenue from services provided to clients in support of Visa payment service patronage. 
  2. Data processing ($14.4 billion) – revenue earned from value-added services, payment authorization, payment settlement, and network access. This also includes any other maintenance or support service that facilitates transaction and information processing.
  3. International transaction ($9.8 billion) – revenue collected from currency conversions and the processing of cross-border transactions.
  4. Other ($2.0 billion) – a smaller stream that consists mostly of value-added services. These include license fees Visa collects for the use of its brand or technology and other fees related to account holder services, licensing, and certification.

Key foundations of Visa’s business model

Visa also defines four key pillars which fortify the core infrastructure of its business model. Let’s take a brief look at each to round out this article.

Technology platforms 

These encompass hardware, software, data centers, and telecommunications infrastructure. Each has a unique operational footprint and architecture wrapped in multiple layers of security. Visa operates three data centers worldwide which serve as a critical part of continuous payment system availability.

Security 

Visa’s security approach devalues sensitive and personal data via various cryptographic means. Security is embedded into the software development lifecycle, while management controls prevent unauthorized account access.

To ensure the integrity of its network and also to maintain service availability, the company has invested heavily in cybersecurity measures.

Brand

Visa’s brand equity enables the company to deliver added value to customers, merchants, partners, and financial institutions. The brand is associated with a diverse range of products and services that facilitate mutually beneficial relationships with key stakeholders.

The company also notes that it is the only brand in the world that serves as a top sponsor of FIFA, the NFL, and the Olympic Games.

Talent

Lastly, Visa recognizes that training and advancing the best global talent is vital to its long-term success. Visa employs around 26,500 staff from 80 countries, and each is supported to pursue personal career interests while also meeting their performance objectives

By considering an employee’s particular background, skills, accomplishments, and future ambitions, Visa can support meaningful dialogue about performance and drive development to help it meet its own growth objectives. It will also enable the company to retain talent in a competitive global market.

Key takeaways:

  • Visa Inc. is a multinational financial services company that provides electronic payment services to consumers, businesses, and governments worldwide. In most instances, the services are provided via the company’s branded credit, debit, and prepaid cards.
  • The Visa business model revolves around facilitating the movement of money between consumers, merchants, businesses, strategic partners, governments, and financial institutions. This is primarily offered via the proprietary network VisaNet.
  • Visa also defines four key pillars which fortify the core infrastructure of its business model. These include technology platforms, security, brand, and talent.

Key Highlights

  • Multinational Financial Services: Visa Inc. is a global financial services company that offers electronic payment services to individuals, businesses, and governments through its branded credit, debit, and prepaid cards.
  • Origin and Evolution: Visa originated as the BankAmericard program launched by the Bank of America in 1958, initially created by Joseph P. Williams and the Customer Research Services Group.
  • Facilitating Money Movement: Visa’s core business model centers around enabling the transfer of funds among consumers, merchants, businesses, governments, and financial institutions.
  • VisaNet Network: The company heavily invests in VisaNet, a sophisticated electronic payments network that handles payment processing, authorization, telecommunications, fraud control, and risk management.
  • Diverse Revenue Streams: Visa generates revenue through four primary streams:
    • Service Revenue: Revenue from services supporting Visa payment service patronage.
    • Data Processing Revenue: Earned from payment authorization, settlement, network access, and value-added services.
    • International Transaction Revenue: From currency conversions and cross-border transactions.
    • Other Revenue: Includes brand and technology license fees, account holder services, and more.
  • Key Pillars of Business Model:
    • Technology Platforms: Infrastructure encompassing hardware, software, data centers, and security protocols.
    • Security: Focus on data security, encryption, and cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive information.
    • Brand: Leveraging brand equity to deliver value to stakeholders and build meaningful relationships.
    • Talent: Recognizing the importance of a skilled workforce to drive growth and innovation.
  • Global Presence: Visa employs around 26,500 individuals from 80 countries, fostering a diverse talent pool that drives performance and innovation.
  • Value Proposition: Visa’s services provide added value to customers, partners, merchants, and financial institutions, facilitating secure and efficient financial transactions worldwide.
  • Global Partnerships: Visa is a top sponsor of major events such as FIFA, the NFL, and the Olympic Games, further enhancing its brand presence.

Connected Business Models

Afterpay Business Model

how-does-afterpay-make-money
Afterpay is a FinTech company providing as a core service the “buy now pay later” solution. When a consumer purchases a product, Afterpay pays the seller and asks the consumer to pay 25%. The remaining 75% is paid in three, fortnightly installments that are also interest-free. Afterpay, in turn, makes money via merchant and late fees.

Quadpay Business Model

how-does-quadpay-make-money
Quadpay was an American fintech company founded by Adam Ezra and Brad Lindenberg in 2017. Ezra and Lindenberg witnessed the rising popularity of buy-now-pay-later service Afterpay in Australia and similar service Klarna in Europe. Quadpay collects a range of fees from both the merchant and the consumer via merchandise fees, convenience fees, late payment, and interchange fees.

Klarna Business Model

how-does-klarna-make-money
Klarna is a financial technology company allowing consumers to shop with a temporary Visa card. Thus it then performs a soft credit check and pays the merchant. Klarna makes money by charging merchants. Klarna also earns a percentage of interchange fees as a commission and for interests earned on customers’ accounts.

SoFi Business Model

how-does-sofi-make-money
SoFi is an online lending platform that provides affordable education loans to students, and it expanded into financial services, including loans, credit cards, investment services, and insurance. It makes money primarily via payment processing fees and loan securitization.

Chime Business Model

how-does-chime-make-money
Chime is an American neobank (internet-only bank) company, providing fee-free financial services through its mobile banking app, thus providing personal finance services free of charge while making the majority of its money via interchange fees (paid by merchants when consumers use their debit cards) and ATM fees.

How Does Venmo Make Money

how-does-venmo-make-money
Venmo is a peer-to-peer payments app enabling users to share and make payments with friends for a variety of services. The service is free, but a 3% fee applies to credit cards. Venmo also launched a debit card in partnership with Mastercard. Venmo got acquired in 2012 by Braintree, and Braintree got acquired in 2013 by PayPal.

FinTech Business Models

fintech-business-models
Fintech business models leverage tech and digital to enhance the financial service industry. Fintech business models, therefore, apply tech to various financial service use cases. Fintech business model examples comprise Affirm, Chime, Coinbase, Klarna, Paypal, Stripe, Robinhood, and many others whose mission is to digitize the financial services industry.

List of FinTech Business Models

Acorns

how-does-acorns-make-money
Acorns is a fintech platform providing services related to Robo-investing and micro-investing. The company makes money primarily through three subscription tiers: Lite – ($1/month), which gives users access to Acorns Invest, Personal ($3/month) that includes Invest plus the Later (retirement) and Spend (personal checking account) suite of products, Family ($5/month) with features from both the Lite and Personal plans with the addition of Early.

Affirm

affirm-business-model
Started as a pay-later solution integrated to merchants’ checkouts, Affirm makes money from merchants’ fees as consumers pick up the pay-later solution. Affirm also makes money through interests earned from the consumer loans, when those are repurchased from the originating bank. In 2020 Affirm made 50% of its revenues from merchants’ fees, about 37% from interests, and the remaining from virtual cards and servicing fees.

Alipay

how-does-alipay-make-money
Alipay is a Chinese mobile and online payment platform created in 2004 by entrepreneur Jack Ma as the payment arm of Taobao, a major Chinese eCommerce site. Alipay, therefore, is the B2C component of Alibaba Group. Alipay makes money via escrows transaction fees, a range of value-added ancillary services, and through its Credit Pay Instalment fees.

Betterment

how-does-betterment-make-money
Betterment is an American financial advisory company founded in 2008 by MBA graduate Jon Stein and lawyer Eli Broverman. Betterment makes money via investment plans, financial advice packages, betterment for advisors, betterment for businesscash reserve, and checking accounts.

Braintree

how-does-venmo-make-money
Venmo is a peer-to-peer payments app enabling users to share and make payments with friends for a variety of services. The service is free, but a 3% fee applies to credit cards. Venmo also launched a debit card in partnership with Mastercard. Venmo got acquired in 2012 by Braintree, and Braintree got acquired in 2013 by PayPal.

Chime

how-does-chime-make-money
Chime is an American neobank (internet-only bank) company, providing fee-free financial services through its mobile banking app, thus providing personal finance services free of charge while making the majority of its money via interchange fees (paid by merchants when consumers use their debit cards) and ATM fees.

Coinbase

coinbase-business-model
Coinbase is among the most popular platforms for trading and storing crypto-assets, whose mission is “to create an open financial system for the world” by enabling customers to trade cryptocurrencies. Its platform serves both as a search and discovery engine for crypto assets. The company makes money primarily through fees earned for the transactions processed through the platform, custodial services offered, interest, and subscriptions.

Compass

how-does-compass-make-money
Compass is a licensed American real-estate broker incorporating online real estate technology as a marketing medium. The company makes money via sales commissions (collected whenever a sale is facilitated or tenants are found for a rental property) and bridge loans (a service allowing the seller to purchase a home before the revenue from the sale of their previous home is available).

Dosh

how-does-dosh-make-money
Dosh is a Fintech platform that enables automatic cash backs for consumers. Its business model connects major card providers with online and offline local businesses to develop automatic cash back programs. The company makes money by earning an affiliate commission on each eligible sale from consumers.

E-Trade

how-does-e-trade-make-money
E-Trade is a trading platform, allowing investors to trade common and preferred stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), options, bonds, mutual funds, and futures contracts, acquired by Morgan Stanley in 2020 for $13 billion. E-Trade makes money through interest income, order flow, margin interests, options, future and bonds trading, and through other fees and service charges.

Klarna

how-does-klarna-make-money
Klarna is a financial technology company allowing consumers to shop with a temporary Visa card. Thus it then performs a soft credit check and pays the merchant. Klarna makes money by charging merchants. Klarna also earns a percentage of interchange fees as a commission and for interests earned on customers’ accounts.

Lemonade

how-does-lemonade-make-money
Lemonade is an insurance tech company using behavioral economics and artificial intelligence to process claims efficiently. The company leverages technology to streamline onboarding customers while also applying a financial model to reduce conflicts of interest with customers (perhaps by donating the variable premiums to charity). The company makes money by selling its core insurance products, and via its tech platform, it tries to enhance its sales.

Monzo

how-does-monzo-make-money
Monzo is an English neobank offering a mobile app and a prepaid debit card for consumers and businesses. It was one of the first app-based banks to enter the UK market, founded by Gary Dolman, Jason Bates, Jonas Huckestein, Paul Rippon, and Tom Blomfield in 2015. All were employees of Starling Bank, a similar neobank challenging the dominance of established financial institutions in England. The company enjoys many revenue streams: business and consumer subscriptions, interchange and overdraft fees, personal loans, and more.

NerdWallet

how-does-nerdwallet-make-money
NerdWallet is an online platform providing tools and tips on all matters related to personal finance. The company gained traction as a simple web application comparing credit cards. NerdWallet makes money via affiliate commissions determined according to the affiliate agreements.

Quadpay

how-does-quadpay-make-money
Quadpay was an American fintech company founded by Adam Ezra and Brad Lindenberg in 2017. Ezra and Lindenberg witnessed the rising popularity of buy-now-pay-later service Afterpay in Australia and similar service Klarna in Europe. Quadpay collects a range of fees from both the merchant and the consumer via merchandise fees, convenience fees, late payment, and interchange fees.

Revolut

how-does-revolut-make-money
Revolut an English fintech company offering banking and investment services to consumers. Founded in 2015 by Nikolay Storonsky and Vlad Yatsenko, the company initially produced a low-rate travel card. Storonsky in particular was an avid traveler who became tired of spending hundreds of pounds on currency exchange and foreign transaction fees. The Revolut app and core banking account are free to use. Instead, money is made through a combination of subscription fees, transaction fees, perks, and ancillary services.

Robinhood

how-does-robinhood-make-money
Robinhood is an app that helps to invest in stocks, ETFs, options, and cryptocurrencies, all commission-free. Robinhood earns money by offering: Robinhood Gold, a margin trading service, which starts at $6 a month, earn interests from customer cash and stocks, and rebates from market makers and trading venues.


SoFi

how-does-sofi-make-money
SoFi is an online lending platform that provides affordable education loans to students, and it expanded into financial services, including loans, credit cards, investment services, and insurance. It makes money primarily via payment processing fees and loan securitization.


Squarespace

how-does-squarespace-make-money
Squarespace is a North American hosting and website building company. Founded in 2004 by college student Anthony Casalena as a blog hosting service, it grew to become among the most successful website building companies. The company mostly makes money via its subscription plans. It also makes money via customizations on top of its subscription plans. And in part also as transaction fees for the website where it processes the sales.

Stash

how-does-stash-make-money
Stash is a FinTech platform offering a suite of financial tools for young investors, coupled with personalized investment advice and life insurance. The company primarily makes money via subscriptions, cashback, payment for order flows, and interest for cash sitting on members’ accounts.

Venmo

how-does-venmo-make-money
Venmo is a peer-to-peer payments app enabling users to share and make payments with friends for a variety of services. The service is free, but a 3% fee applies to credit cards. Venmo also launched a debit card in partnership with Mastercard. Venmo got acquired in 2012 by Braintree, and Braintree got acquired in 2013 by PayPal.

Wealthfront

how-does-wealthfront-make-money
Wealthfront is an automated Fintech investment platform providing investment, retirement, and cash management products to retail investors, mostly making money on the annual 0.25% advisory fee the company charges for assets under management. It also makes money via a line of credits and interests on the cash accounts.

Zelle

how-does-zelle-make-money
Zelle is a peer-to-peer payment network that indirectly benefits the banks’ consortium that backs it. Zelle also enables users to pay businesses for goods and services, free for users. Merchants pay a 1% fee to Visa or Mastercard, who share it with the bank that issued the card.

Read Next: Fintech Business Models, IaaS, PaaS, SaaSEnterprise AI Business ModelCloud Business Models.

Read Next: Affirm Business Model, Chime Business Model, Coinbase Business Model, Klarna Business Model, Paypal Business Model, Stripe Business Model, Robinhood Business Model.

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