During the 1990s, rapid application development (RAD) was becoming increasingly popular. The Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is an agile approach that focuses on the full project lifecycle while adding further discipline and structure. DSDM is founded on eight key principles. Each principle supports the DSDM philosophy that “best business value emerges when projects are aligned to clear business goals, deliver frequently and involve the collaboration of motivated and empowered people”.
Aspect
Description
Introduction
The Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is an agile project delivery framework primarily used for software development and IT projects. It provides a comprehensive and iterative approach to project management and delivery, focusing on delivering business value, collaboration, and adaptability. DSDM is one of the earliest agile methodologies and is known for its structured approach within the agile philosophy.
Key Concepts
– Agile Principles: DSDM adheres to agile principles, including customer collaboration, iterative development, and responding to change.
– Timeboxing: Projects are divided into timeboxes, which are fixed time periods during which specific objectives must be achieved.
– Prototyping: DSDM encourages the use of prototypes to explore requirements and solutions iteratively.
– Incremental Delivery: The project is delivered incrementally, with features and functionality released in stages.
Phases and Roles
DSDM includes several phases and roles:
– Pre-project: The project’s feasibility and scope are assessed, and a foundation is laid for the project.
– Feasibility Study: A high-level investigation into the project’s viability is conducted.
– Business Study: Detailed business requirements are defined and analyzed.
– Functional Model Iteration: Iterative development of the functional model takes place.
– Design and Build Iteration: Design and development work occurs, producing increments of the solution.
– Implementation: The solution is implemented and tested.
– Post-project: Final testing, deployment, and evaluation take place.
– Roles: DSDM defines various roles, including the business sponsor, business visionary, technical coordinator, and solution developer.
Applications
DSDM is applied in various industries and project types:
– Software Development: It is widely used for software development projects, including web applications and enterprise software.
– IT Projects: DSDM is employed in IT projects, such as system migrations, upgrades, and infrastructure improvements.
– Financial Services: The financial sector uses DSDM for regulatory compliance and software development.
– Public Sector: Government agencies use DSDM for IT projects and service delivery.
Challenges and Considerations
Challenges in implementing DSDM include:
– Training: Team members and stakeholders may require training in DSDM principles and practices.
– Change Management: Adapting to an agile mindset and approach can be challenging for organizations accustomed to traditional project management.
– Complexity: Large and complex projects may require tailored adaptations of DSDM practices.
Future Trends
Future trends related to DSDM may include:
– Hybrid Approaches: Integration of DSDM principles with other agile methodologies and frameworks to create hybrid approaches.
– Advanced Tools: Adoption of advanced project management and collaboration tools to support DSDM practices.
– Globalization: Adaptations of DSDM to accommodate global and distributed teams and stakeholders.
– Continuous Improvement: A focus on continuous improvement and learning within DSDM teams and organizations.
Conclusion
The Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is an agile project delivery framework that prioritizes delivering business value through collaboration and iterative development. It is applied in various industries and project types, offering a structured approach within the agile philosophy. While challenges in adoption exist, DSDM remains a valuable methodology for organizations seeking to embrace agile practices and principles.
Understanding the Dynamic Systems Development Method
While RAD allowed developers to quickly showcase potential solutions with prototypes, the process itself was unstructured.
Each organization built its own framework with various exacting standards, making it very difficult to recruit competent RAD practitioners.
In response, DSDM was created to give software development more governance and stricture guidelines.
These changes would ultimately increase cohesion and consistency in the industry by the joint development and promotion of a singular RAD framework.
The eight key principles of DSDM
DSDM is founded on eight key principles. Each principle supports the DSDM philosophy that “best business value emerges when projects are aligned to clear business goals, deliver frequently and involve the collaboration of motivated and empowered people”.
It’s important to note that compromising on any one of the eight principles undermines the philosophy and effectiveness of DSDM.
Every project team must work according to the business case and not treat the project as an end to itself. MoSCoW prioritization can help teams gain clarity in this regard.
Deliver on time
Timeboxing should be incorporated at all times – even in projects without a fixed schedule or end date.
Self-imposed deadlines help a team create a predictable delivery schedule that boosts morale through small and frequent wins.
Collaborate
Collaboration between team members and key stakeholders is key to creating dynamic and effective cultures.
Never compromise quality
Quality standards should be defined and agreed upon before project commencement. Then, they must be maintained through continuous testing, documentation, and review.
Build incrementally from firm foundations
Project teams need to do enough design work upfront (EDUF) to build incrementally and avoid doing more work than is required.
Develop iteratively
DSDM encourages iterative development based on client, user, and stakeholder feedback.
Iterative development targets must be set with respect to the project environment.
Communicate continuously and clearly
Where possible, DSDM suggests face-to-face meetings or workshops daily. Roles and responsibilities must be clearly defined.
Documentation must be lean and produced in a timely fashion.
This promotes highly transparent projects where stakeholders feel that their particular needs are heard, understood, and catered for.
Demonstrate control
Project managers and team leaders must be able to demonstrate and communicate control of the project.
In other words, the project is fully aligned with company objectives.
Control also means that project managers track important metrics periodically to maintain project viability.
DSDM project management best practices
Businesses who want to use DSDM in a new project should consider these best practices. Given that DSDM is one of the early agile approaches, lessons learned here can be applied to most other agile frameworks.
Best practices include:
Ensuring that there is the complete and total buy-in for DSDM from senior management, employees, team leaders, and stakeholders alike.
Creating teams who have the power to make decisions autonomously, thereby avoiding delays as a result of tedious proposal and approval processes. Teams should also be given everything they need to succeed, including the relevant equipment, environment, and project management tools.
Being somewhat ruthless about prioritizing the needs of a project. To stay on time and budget, project teams need to be able to make tough decisions and scrap low priority tasks.
Case studies
Scenario: Software Development for a Startup
Principles:
Focus on the Business Model: Align the software development with the startup’s business goals and prioritize the most critical features for the initial release.
Deliver on Time: Implement timeboxing to ensure rapid development and frequent product releases, enabling the startup to gain traction quickly.
Collaborate: Foster collaboration among the small team of developers, designers, and founders to iterate and refine the product rapidly.
Scenario: E-commerce Website Enhancement
Principles:
Never Compromise Quality: Define and maintain quality standards for the website’s user experience, ensuring a seamless shopping process.
Build Incrementally from Firm Foundations: Conduct upfront design work to improve the website’s architecture while incrementally adding new features.
Develop Iteratively: Continuously gather user feedback to enhance product pages, checkout processes, and user account management.
Communicate Continuously and Clearly: Facilitate clear communication among developers, designers, and stakeholders to address issues promptly.
Scenario: Public Sector IT Project
Principles:
Focus on the Business Model: Ensure that the IT project aligns with the government agency’s objectives, such as improving public services.
Collaborate: Promote collaboration between various departments and agencies involved in the project to streamline processes and enhance services.
Demonstrate Control: Track key metrics to demonstrate that the project is on track and delivering value to the public.
Scenario: Mobile App Development for a Healthcare Provider
Principles:
Focus on the Business Model: Develop a mobile app that aligns with the healthcare provider’s patient engagement goals.
Deliver on Time: Set timeboxes for app releases, ensuring that patients can access new features and information regularly.
Collaborate: Involve healthcare professionals, developers, and user experience designers to create a user-friendly and medically accurate app.
Scenario: Agile Transformation in a Large Corporation
Principles:
Never Compromise Quality: Maintain high-quality software solutions as the corporation transitions to agile methodologies.
Build Incrementally from Firm Foundations: Invest in architectural improvements while incrementally transitioning legacy systems to agile practices.
Develop Iteratively: Continuously refine software solutions based on feedback from different business units within the corporation.
Communicate Continuously and Clearly: Foster transparent communication between agile teams and corporate leadership to ensure alignment with strategic objectives.
Key takeaways:
The Dynamic Systems Development Method is an agile approach that adds structure and discipline to rapid application development (RAD).
The Dynamic Systems Development Method is based on eight key principles that guide the creation of business value. However, project teams must follow all eight principles to avoid compromising the effectiveness of the DSDM philosophy.
The Dynamic Systems Development Method incorporates best practices that are useful in many subsequent agile frameworks. They include total stakeholder buy-in, autonomous project teams, and ruthless task prioritization.
Key Highlights
Understanding the Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM): DSDM is an agile approach that evolved during the 1990s as a response to the unstructured nature of Rapid Application Development (RAD). DSDM aims to bring discipline and structure to software development while focusing on business goals, frequent delivery, and collaboration.
Eight Key Principles of DSDM:
Focus on the Business Model: Projects must align with the business case and MoSCoW prioritization helps clarify requirements.
Deliver on Time: Timeboxing is crucial, creating predictable schedules and boosting morale.
Collaborate: Collaboration among team members and stakeholders is essential for effective cultures.
Never Compromise Quality: Quality standards should be defined and maintained through continuous testing and review.
Build Incrementally from Firm Foundations: Adequate design upfront is vital to incremental progress.
Develop Iteratively: Encourage iterative development based on user feedback and target setting.
Communicate Continuously and Clearly: Facilitate face-to-face communication, defined roles, lean documentation.
Demonstrate Control: Project managers should demonstrate control and alignment with company objectives through tracking metrics.
DSDM Project Management Best Practices:
Secure senior management, employee, team leader, and stakeholder buy-in.
Empower teams with decision-making authority, necessary resources, and tools.
Prioritize project needs and be prepared to make tough decisions.
Related Frameworks, Models, or Concepts
Description
When to Apply
Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM)
– Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) is an agile project delivery framework that emphasizes collaboration, iterative development, and delivering business value early and continuously throughout the project lifecycle. – DSDM provides a structured approach to project management and software development, focusing on user involvement, frequent delivery of working software, and adapting to changing requirements. – DSDM promotes a set of principles and best practices for managing projects effectively, such as prioritizing requirements based on business value, empowering teams to make decisions, and delivering increments of functionality iteratively.
– When developing software projects with evolving requirements and a need for flexibility. – To prioritize customer collaboration, early delivery, and continuous improvement in project outcomes. – To adopt agile practices and principles for managing projects more effectively in dynamic and uncertain environments.
Agile Manifesto
– The Agile Manifesto is a set of guiding principles for agile software development, emphasizing individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan. – The Agile Manifesto values individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change, recognizing the importance of flexibility, adaptability, and customer focus in delivering value to stakeholders.
– When adopting agile practices and principles for software development projects. – To prioritize customer collaboration, iterative development, and responding to change over traditional plan-driven approaches. – To foster a culture of collaboration, flexibility, and continuous improvement within development teams.
Scrum
– Scrum is an agile framework for managing complex projects, focusing on delivering value iteratively and incrementally. – Scrum defines roles, events, and artifacts, such as the Product Owner, Scrum Master, Sprint Planning, Daily Standup, Sprint Review, and Sprint Retrospective, to facilitate collaboration, transparency, and inspection and adaptation. – Scrum promotes self-organizing, cross-functional teams that work in time-boxed iterations called sprints to deliver potentially shippable increments of functionality at the end of each sprint.
– When organizing and managing software development projects with cross-functional teams. – To facilitate collaboration, transparency, and continuous improvement through iterative development and regular feedback cycles. – To adopt a structured framework for delivering value early and continuously while adapting to changing requirements and priorities.
Kanban
– Kanban is a visual management method for optimizing workflow and improving efficiency by visualizing work, limiting work in progress (WIP), and focusing on continuous delivery. – Kanban uses a Kanban board with columns representing different stages of the workflow and cards representing work items to visualize the flow of work and identify bottlenecks and opportunities for improvement. – Kanban promotes pull-based scheduling, where work is pulled into the system based on capacity and demand, rather than being pushed based on predefined schedules or plans.
– When managing and optimizing workflow in software development or project management. – To visualize work, limit work in progress, and identify and resolve bottlenecks and inefficiencies. – To promote continuous delivery, flexibility, and efficiency in delivering value to stakeholders.
Extreme Programming (XP)
– Extreme Programming (XP) is an agile software development methodology that emphasizes engineering practices, such as test-driven development (TDD), pair programming, continuous integration, and collective code ownership, to improve software quality and responsiveness to changing requirements. – XP advocates for simplicity, communication, feedback, and courage, encouraging teams to embrace change, collaborate closely with customers, and deliver high-quality software incrementally. – XP practices are designed to enable rapid feedback, reduce risks, and increase the likelihood of project success through disciplined development practices and close collaboration with stakeholders.
– When seeking to improve software quality, responsiveness, and agility in development projects. – To adopt engineering practices such as test-driven development, pair programming, and continuous integration for delivering high-quality software incrementally. – To foster a culture of collaboration, simplicity, and continuous improvement within development teams.
Lean Software Development
– Lean Software Development is an agile methodology inspired by Lean manufacturing principles, focusing on delivering value to customers with minimal waste, effort, and resources. – Lean principles, such as optimizing the whole, eliminating waste, building quality in, and delivering fast, guide decision-making and process improvement in Lean Software Development. – Lean practices, such as value stream mapping, continuous improvement, and pull-based scheduling, help teams identify and eliminate inefficiencies, streamline processes, and deliver value more effectively.
– When optimizing software development processes for efficiency, quality, and customer value. – To identify and eliminate waste, streamline workflows, and deliver value incrementally and continuously. – To adopt Lean principles and practices for improving productivity, reducing lead times, and maximizing the use of resources in software development projects.
Feature-Driven Development (FDD)
– Feature-Driven Development (FDD) is an iterative and incremental software development methodology that focuses on building features or functionalities incrementally and delivering them in short iterations. – FDD emphasizes domain modeling, feature prioritization, and frequent integration and delivery of working software to manage complexity and mitigate risks in development projects. – FDD defines a set of processes, roles, and artifacts, such as domain object modeling, feature lists, and progress reporting, to facilitate collaboration, communication, and delivery of value to stakeholders.
– When managing software development projects with a focus on building and delivering features incrementally. – To prioritize features based on business value, manage complexity through domain modeling, and deliver value early and continuously. – To adopt iterative and incremental development practices for mitigating risks, accommodating change, and maximizing the return on investment in development projects.
Adaptive Project Framework (APF)
– Adaptive Project Framework (APF) is an adaptive project management framework that combines elements of predictive and adaptive approaches to address uncertainty and complexity in project environments. – APF emphasizes iterative planning, continuous learning, and flexibility in adapting to changing requirements and conditions throughout the project lifecycle. – APF provides a structured framework for managing projects dynamically, balancing predictability and adaptability to optimize project outcomes in dynamic and uncertain environments.
– When managing projects with evolving requirements, risks, and priorities. – To balance predictability and adaptability in project planning and execution. – To adopt a structured yet flexible approach for managing projects effectively in dynamic and uncertain environments.
Crystal Methods
– Crystal Methods are a family of agile methodologies that emphasize team collaboration, communication, and simplicity in software development. – Crystal Methods recognize that project contexts vary and offer different methodologies, such as Crystal Clear, Crystal Orange, and Crystal Red, tailored to different project sizes, criticalities, and team compositions. – Crystal Methods promote transparency, reflection, and continuous improvement to adapt to changing circumstances and optimize project outcomes.
– When managing software development projects with diverse team compositions and project contexts. – To tailor agile practices and methodologies to fit project size, criticality, and team dynamics effectively. – To foster a culture of collaboration, simplicity, and adaptability in software development teams.
AIOps is the application of artificial intelligence to IT operations. It has become particularly useful for modern IT management in hybridized, distributed, and dynamic environments. AIOps has become a key operational component of modern digital-based organizations, built around software and algorithms.
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The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle was first proposed by American physicist and engineer Walter A. Shewhart in the 1920s. The PDCA cycle is a continuous process and product improvement method and an essential component of the lean manufacturing philosophy.
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Gennaro is the creator of FourWeekMBA, which reached about four million business people, comprising C-level executives, investors, analysts, product managers, and aspiring digital entrepreneurs in 2022 alone | He is also Director of Sales for a high-tech scaleup in the AI Industry | In 2012, Gennaro earned an International MBA with emphasis on Corporate Finance and Business Strategy.
