DevSecOps is a set of disciplines combining development, security, and operations. It is a philosophy that helps software development businesses deliver innovative products quickly without sacrificing security. This allows potential security issues to be identified during the development process – and not after the product has been released in line with the emergence of continuous software development practices.
Aspect
Explanation
Concept Overview
DevSecOps, short for Development, Security, and Operations, is a set of practices that integrates security into the DevOps (Development and Operations) process. It extends the principles of DevOps to include security considerations throughout the software development lifecycle. DevSecOps aims to create a culture of shared responsibility for security, enabling the identification and mitigation of security vulnerabilities early in the development process, rather than addressing them as an afterthought. This model emphasizes collaboration, automation, and a continuous focus on security.
Key Principles
DevSecOps is guided by several key principles: 1. Shift-Left Security: Security considerations are integrated early in the development process, “shifting left” to identify and address vulnerabilities as soon as possible. 2. Automation: Automated security testing, code analysis, and compliance checks are essential to streamline security processes. 3. Collaboration: Security teams, developers, and operations work together closely to ensure security is everyone’s responsibility. 4. Continuous Monitoring: Ongoing monitoring and testing in production environments help detect and respond to security threats proactively. 5. Risk Assessment: DevSecOps considers risk assessment as a fundamental aspect of decision-making throughout the development lifecycle.
Process
The DevSecOps process typically includes the following steps: 1. Planning: Security requirements and considerations are defined during the planning phase of development projects. 2. Code Development: Developers write code, adhering to secure coding practices and guidelines. 3. Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): Automated security checks are integrated into the CI/CD pipeline to assess code and configurations continuously. 4. Testing: Various security tests, such as static analysis, dynamic scanning, and vulnerability assessments, are conducted throughout development. 5. Deployment: Security is a critical part of the deployment process, ensuring secure configurations and access controls. 6. Monitoring and Incident Response: Continuous monitoring of production environments and immediate incident response capabilities are vital to address security threats.
Benefits
Implementing DevSecOps offers several benefits: 1. Faster Time to Market: Security automation streamlines processes, accelerating software delivery. 2. Improved Security: Early identification and mitigation of vulnerabilities enhance overall system security. 3. Collaboration: Cross-functional teams collaborate effectively, breaking down silos. 4. Cost Reduction: Addressing security issues early is often less costly than post-production fixes. 5. Compliance: DevSecOps helps organizations meet regulatory compliance requirements more efficiently.
Challenges and Risks
Challenges in adopting DevSecOps include the need for cultural change, skill gaps, and the integration of security practices into existing DevOps pipelines. Additionally, organizations must consider issues related to the management of security tools, privacy concerns, and regulatory challenges.
Tools and Technologies
DevSecOps relies on a range of tools and technologies, including static analysis tools, dynamic scanning tools, container security solutions, identity and access management systems, and security information and event management (SIEM) tools. These tools automate security checks and monitoring.
DevSecOps is an integrative approach to coherent and effective software delivery.
In the past, software developers would typically update their products every few months or years.
This gave the company enough time to test its code for potential security breaches by employing specialist contracted teams.
In the past decade, however, the rising prevalence of cloud and microservice models has resulted in rolling releases and thus a more agile market.
Rapidity is now the name of the game, with many processes now automated and shared information readily available.
In some cases, security has not been able to keep up with the rapid pace of development.
This is where the DevSecOps approach is vital.
By building security into every stage of development, the business can significantly reduce the costs associated with security flaws.
In this sense, DevSecOps is a pro-active strategy because it anticipates security breaches before they occur.
Advantages of the DevSecOps approach
Businesses who engage in the DevSecOps approach can expect several benefits, including:
Reduced costs
Security issues that are rectified in the development process is more cost-effective than addressing the same issues after the product has gone to market.
This also reduces costs by shortening product delivery times.
Avoids bad publicity
Security issues that are detected in-house cannot cause the product or the business negative publicity.
Creates a positive company culture
A core tenet of the DevSecOps approach is that every member of the development team is responsible for security.
This encourages a cohesive and transparent workplace culture that drives better outcomes.
Higher overall security
Software developed via the DevSecOps approach is more robust.
In other words, the strategy reduces general vulnerabilities and insecure defaults.
It also increases code coverage and automation through robust infrastructure.
When and How to Implement DevSecOps
DevSecOps can be applied in various development and operational scenarios:
Software Development: Implement DevSecOps in the software development lifecycle (SDLC) to ensure security is integrated from the planning stage to deployment and beyond.
Cloud Environments: DevSecOps is crucial for securing cloud-based infrastructure and applications.
Containerization: Secure containerized applications by integrating security measures into container orchestration and deployment processes.
Microservices: In microservices architectures, DevSecOps ensures that each service maintains its security posture.
To implement DevSecOps effectively:
Security as Code: Write security policies and controls as code to automate their enforcement.
Vulnerability Scanning: Use automated scanning tools to identify vulnerabilities in code and dependencies.
Continuous Testing: Perform continuous security testing, including static application security testing (SAST) and dynamic application security testing (DAST).
Incident Response: Develop and automate incident response plans to address security breaches swiftly.
Training and Awareness: Provide training and awareness programs to educate teams about security best practices.
Benefits of DevSecOps
DevSecOps offers several benefits:
Early Vulnerability Detection: Security issues are identified and addressed earlier in the development process, reducing the cost of remediation.
Faster Remediation: Automated security checks and real-time monitoring enable faster responses to security incidents.
Improved Collaboration: DevSecOps encourages collaboration between traditionally siloed teams, fostering a shared responsibility for security.
Compliance: DevSecOps practices help organizations meet regulatory compliance requirements more effectively.
Potential Challenges of DevSecOps
While DevSecOps has numerous advantages, it also faces potential challenges:
Resistance to Change: Transitioning to a DevSecOps culture may face resistance from teams accustomed to traditional development practices.
Tooling Complexity: Managing a wide array of security tools and automation systems can be complex and resource-intensive.
Skill Gaps: Teams may need training and upskilling to effectively implement DevSecOps practices.
DevSecOps best practices
To ensure that the process runs smoothly, development teams should first realize that there is nothing wrong with automation – so long as automated security controls are also part of the software development cycle.
Teams should also employ tools that efficiently scan code as it is written for potential security issues.
If issues are detected, then it is important to run threat-modeling scenarios to identify and then build protection against issues deemed a significant threat.
DevSecOps examples
DevSecOps is fast becoming accepted practice across multiple industries. To illustrate its real-world application, here are a few examples.
PayPal
PayPal makes money primarily by processing customer transactions on the Payments Platform and other value-added services. Thus, the revenue streams are divided into transaction revenues based on the volume of activity or total payments volume—and value-added services, such as interest and fees earned on loans and interest receivable. In 2023, PayPal generated nearly $30 billion in revenues and $4.24 billion in net profits.
Since the primary motivation for cybercrime is financial gain, it could be argued that PayPal, as a payments processor, was more exposed than some other companies.
To reduce the chances of introducing security flaws into its products, PayPal wanted a way to build proactive and repeatable security processes into the product development lifecycle.
The first required a shift in the corporate mindset, with security considered an equal priority alongside other project requirements.
To manage this mindset change and effectively incentivize security, the company assigned personnel to work across the organization and help teams manage the transition.
Automated security tools for the development team were introduced and security standards were phrased in development language instead of security language.
With so-called “Change Champions” and “Transformation Team Members” making the change as smooth as possible, PayPal could adopt DevSecOps in less than twelve months.
This enabled it to build new products based on a secure foundation quickly.
Fannie Mae
To improve its customer experience, mortgage provider Fannie Mae was directed towards a DevSecOps strategy that ultimately saw the company recognized at the Information Week Excellence Awards.
Like many other companies in a similar situation, teams performed late-stage security checks that frequently caused delays and buggy releases. There was also limited integration of important customer feedback.
Realizing there was an opportunity to accelerate development and incorporate better security practices simultaneously, Fannie Mae decided to adopt DevSecOps.
A rapid, iterative development process with security checks at each step was achieved from the integration of development, operations, and security.
The results of the company’s strategy were impressive.
Fannie Mae doubled the speed of its update releases with enhanced security processes to increase customer satisfaction and trust and allow the company to adapt more quickly.
Pokémon Go
While many adults would admit to playing Pokémon Go, the mobile-based game is also popular with children.
Recognizing that data about children is extremely sensitive, owner of The Pokémon Company wanted to create a cultural shift where security became its utmost priority.
Since security was often seen as a hindrance to development goals, the company decided to reframe it with a focus on business enablement.
In other words, security was reframed as an independent factor that could improve the reputation of the game among parents, reduce risk, and increase customer confidence.
The Pokémon Company’s initiatives have seen the whole organization now pay closer attention to security.
Once confined to the security team, analytics tool Sumo Logic is now used across the business – including DevOps teams.
Sumo Logic also enabled security teams to streamline manual security programs and processes to deliver improved efficiency.
For example, teams released a new project classification automation program that cut a process with 11 touchpoints over 5-7 days to a much more manageable two touchpoints over five minutes.
DevSecOps vs. Agile
Agile started as a lightweight development method compared to heavyweight software development, which is the core paradigm of the previous decades of software development. By 2001 the Manifesto for Agile Software Development was born as a set of principles that defined the new paradigm for software development as a continuous iteration. This would also influence the way of doing business.
Agile is a philosophy that encompasses the whole business.
Indeed, since its official inception in 2001, with the Agile Manifesto setting up the core principles of the discipline, Agile has become a core philosophy for many startups operating with constrained resources.
Whereas Agile has become a philosophy embracing the whole business, DevSecOps (for now) is primarily a workflow within organizations where tech processes have critical importance.
In these workflows, DevSecOps added security as a critical element to be combined early on within development and operations.
That was a fundamental revolution, as organizations and startups that tried to ship fast were – in part – sacrificing security.
Yet, security has now become embued into tech processes within most startups.
Key takeaways
DevSecOps stands for development, security, and operations. It is a pro-active and iterative approach to preventing security breaches during software development.
The DevSecOps allows software businesses to keep pace with both the rapidly advancing software market and the collaborative, more rapid way software is developed.
DevSecOps has many benefits for businesses, including reduced costs and enhanced company culture. The approach also allows development teams to identify issues that could potentially hurt brand image once the product is released.
Key Highlights
DevSecOps Philosophy: DevSecOps combines development, security, and operations into a unified approach for software delivery. It ensures rapid and innovative product development without compromising security.
Evolution and Continuous Development: With the emergence of continuous software development practices, the traditional approach of periodic updates shifted to rolling releases. This faster-paced development required integrating security at every stage.
Agile Market and Challenges: The prevalence of cloud and microservices led to a more agile market, where speed became crucial. However, security couldn’t always keep up with the rapid pace, leading to the need for DevSecOps.
Building Security In: DevSecOps involves embedding security throughout the development lifecycle, anticipating and addressing security issues during development rather than after release.
Benefits of DevSecOps:
Reduced Costs: Identifying and fixing security issues during development is more cost-effective than addressing them post-release.
Avoids Bad Publicity: Detecting security flaws in-house prevents negative publicity.
Positive Company Culture: DevSecOps fosters a culture of shared security responsibility across the development team.
Higher Overall Security: The approach leads to more robust software, reducing vulnerabilities and insecure defaults.
Best Practices: DevSecOps requires automated security controls, efficient code scanning, threat modeling, and building protection against significant threats.
DevSecOps Examples:
PayPal: PayPal adopted DevSecOps to integrate security into the product development lifecycle quickly, enabling secure product launches.
Fannie Mae: Fannie Mae embraced DevSecOps to accelerate development, enhance security, and increase customer satisfaction.
Pokémon Go: The Pokémon Company used DevSecOps to shift focus on security, improve reputation, and streamline security processes.
DevSecOps vs. Agile: While Agile is a comprehensive business philosophy, DevSecOps focuses primarily on integrating security into tech processes. It addresses the challenge of sacrificing security for speed.
Related Frameworks
Description
When to Apply
DevOps
– DevOps is a cultural and technical approach that emphasizes collaboration, automation, and feedback throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC). – It aims to shorten development cycles, improve deployment frequency, and deliver high-quality software reliably.
– When aiming to enhance collaboration between development and operations teams, automate manual processes, and accelerate software delivery while maintaining reliability and security.
Agile Security
– Agile Security integrates security practices into Agile software development processes, ensuring that security considerations are addressed throughout the development lifecycle. – It involves embedding security activities such as threat modeling, security testing, and vulnerability management into Agile practices.
– When adopting Agile methodologies for software development, integrating Agile Security practices helps identify and mitigate security risks early in the development process, ensuring that security is not an afterthought but an integral part of the development lifecycle.
SecDevOps
– SecDevOps, also known as DevSecOps, emphasizes the integration of security practices into the DevOps pipeline, ensuring that security is automated and built into the software delivery process from the outset. – It involves implementing security controls, automated testing, and continuous monitoring to identify and remediate security vulnerabilities throughout the development and deployment pipeline.
– When seeking to align security objectives with DevOps practices, implementing SecDevOps helps ensure that security is not a barrier to agility but an enabler, allowing teams to deliver secure software at the speed of DevOps.
Continuous Integration (CI)
– Continuous Integration (CI) is a software development practice where developers integrate code changes into a shared repository frequently, preferably multiple times a day. – It involves automating the build and testing process to detect integration errors early and ensure that code changes are validated continuously.
– When developing software collaboratively, adopting CI practices allows teams to integrate code changes frequently, detect integration issues early, and maintain a high level of code quality throughout the development process.
Continuous Delivery (CD)
– Continuous Delivery (CD) is an extension of CI, where code changes are automatically built, tested, and deployed to production environments. – It focuses on automating the deployment process to ensure that software can be released to customers quickly and reliably.
– When aiming to deliver software to customers rapidly and consistently, implementing CD practices allows teams to automate deployment processes, reduce manual errors, and release new features or updates frequently with confidence.
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
– Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a DevOps practice where infrastructure is managed using code and automated through scripts or configuration files. – It allows infrastructure to be provisioned, configured, and managed programmatically, promoting consistency and reproducibility.
– When managing infrastructure in cloud environments or using virtualization technologies, adopting IaC practices streamlines infrastructure management, improves scalability, and facilitates version control, ensuring that infrastructure configurations are consistent, repeatable, and easily reproducible across environments.
Shift-Left Security
– Shift-Left Security involves integrating security testing and controls earlier in the development lifecycle, shifting security considerations to the left of the SDLC. – It emphasizes identifying and addressing security vulnerabilities as early as possible, reducing the cost and impact of addressing security issues later in the development process.
– When adopting DevOps practices, implementing Shift-Left Security helps address security vulnerabilities early in the development lifecycle, reducing the risk of security breaches and minimizing the impact of security issues on the software delivery process.
DevOpsSec
– DevOpsSec is an extension of DevOps that incorporates security practices into every stage of the DevOps pipeline, ensuring that security is integrated throughout the software delivery process. – It involves automating security controls, performing continuous security testing, and embedding security into the CI/CD pipeline.
– When adopting DevOps methodologies, implementing DevOpsSec practices ensures that security is an integral part of the development and deployment process, enabling organizations to deliver secure software efficiently and effectively.
Threat Modeling
– Threat Modeling is a structured approach to identifying and mitigating security threats in software applications. – It involves systematically analyzing potential threats, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures to assess and improve the security of software systems.
– When designing or reviewing software architectures, incorporating Threat Modeling helps identify potential security risks early in the development process, allowing teams to implement appropriate security controls and mitigate threats effectively.
Container Security
– Container Security focuses on securing containerized applications and the environments in which they run. – It involves implementing security measures such as image scanning, access control, and runtime protection to ensure the security of containerized workloads.
– When deploying applications in containerized environments, addressing Container Security ensures that containers are protected against security threats and vulnerabilities, allowing organizations to leverage the benefits of containerization without compromising security.
Security Automation
– Security Automation involves automating security tasks and processes to improve efficiency and consistency in security operations. – It includes automating security testing, compliance checks, and incident response to reduce manual effort and accelerate security operations.
– When managing security operations, integrating Security Automation enables organizations to respond quickly to security incidents, enforce security policies consistently, and reduce the burden of manual security tasks, enhancing overall security posture and resilience.
Take the case of PayPal. To reduce the chances of introducing security flaws into its products, PayPal wanted a way to build proactive and repeatable security processes into the product development lifecycle. To manage this mindset change and effectively incentivize security, the company assigned personnel to work across the organization and help teams manage the transition.
Is DevSecOps the same as Agile?
Whereas Agile emphasizes a philosophy where fast deployment, iteration, and shipping must be integrated within a company’s mindset. DevSecOps is a workflow that emphasizes security, combined with development and operations, to wreck the siloes and enable security to be imbued within these processes.
AIOps is the application of artificial intelligence to IT operations. It has become particularly useful for modern IT management in hybridized, distributed, and dynamic environments. AIOps has become a key operational component of modern digital-based organizations, built around software and algorithms.
Agile started as a lightweight development method compared to heavyweight software development, which is the core paradigm of the previous decades of software development. By 2001 the Manifesto for Agile Software Development was born as a set of principles that defined the new paradigm for software development as a continuous iteration. This would also influence the way of doing business.
Agile Program Management is a means of managing, planning, and coordinating interrelated work in such a way that value delivery is emphasized for all key stakeholders. Agile Program Management (AgilePgM) is a disciplined yet flexible agile approach to managing transformational change within an organization.
Agile project management (APM) is a strategy that breaks large projects into smaller, more manageable tasks. In the APM methodology, each project is completed in small sections – often referred to as iterations. Each iteration is completed according to its project life cycle, beginning with the initial design and progressing to testing and then quality assurance.
Agile Modeling (AM) is a methodology for modeling and documenting software-based systems. Agile Modeling is critical to the rapid and continuous delivery of software. It is a collection of values, principles, and practices that guide effective, lightweight software modeling.
Agile Business Analysis (AgileBA) is certification in the form of guidance and training for business analysts seeking to work in agile environments. To support this shift, AgileBA also helps the business analyst relate Agile projects to a wider organizational mission or strategy. To ensure that analysts have the necessary skills and expertise, AgileBA certification was developed.
Agile leadership is the embodiment of agile manifesto principles by a manager or management team. Agile leadership impacts two important levels of a business. The structural level defines the roles, responsibilities, and key performance indicators. The behavioral level describes the actions leaders exhibit to others based on agile principles.
The andon system alerts managerial, maintenance, or other staff of a production process problem. The alert itself can be activated manually with a button or pull cord, but it can also be activated automatically by production equipment. Most Andon boards utilize three colored lights similar to a traffic signal: green (no errors), yellow or amber (problem identified, or quality check needed), and red (production stopped due to unidentified issue).
Bimodal Portfolio Management (BimodalPfM) helps an organization manage both agile and traditional portfolios concurrently. Bimodal Portfolio Management – sometimes referred to as bimodal development – was coined by research and advisory company Gartner. The firm argued that many agile organizations still needed to run some aspects of their operations using traditional delivery models.
Business innovation is about creating new opportunities for an organization to reinvent its core offerings, revenue streams, and enhance the value proposition for existing or new customers, thus renewing its whole business model. Business innovation springs by understanding the structure of the market, thus adapting or anticipating those changes.
Business modelinnovation is about increasing the success of an organization with existing products and technologies by crafting a compelling value proposition able to propel a new business model to scale up customers and create a lasting competitive advantage. And it all starts by mastering the key customers.
A consumer brand company like Procter & Gamble (P&G) defines “Constructive Disruption” as: a willingness to change, adapt, and create new trends and technologies that will shape our industry for the future. According to P&G, it moves around four pillars: lean innovation, brand building, supply chain, and digitalization & data analytics.
That is a process that requires a continuous feedback loop to develop a valuable product and build a viable business model. Continuous innovation is a mindset where products and services are designed and delivered to tune them around the customers’ problem and not the technical solution of its founders.
A design sprint is a proven five-day process where critical business questions are answered through speedy design and prototyping, focusing on the end-user. A design sprint starts with a weekly challenge that should finish with a prototype, test at the end, and therefore a lesson learned to be iterated.
Tim Brown, Executive Chair of IDEO, defined design thinking as “a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer’s toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success.” Therefore, desirability, feasibility, and viability are balanced to solve critical problems.
DevOps refers to a series of practices performed to perform automated software development processes. It is a conjugation of the term “development” and “operations” to emphasize how functions integrate across IT teams. DevOps strategies promote seamless building, testing, and deployment of products. It aims to bridge a gap between development and operations teams to streamline the development altogether.
Product discovery is a critical part of agile methodologies, as its aim is to ensure that products customers love are built. Product discovery involves learning through a raft of methods, including design thinking, lean start-up, and A/B testing to name a few. Dual Track Agile is an agile methodology containing two separate tracks: the “discovery” track and the “delivery” track.
eXtreme Programming was developed in the late 1990s by Ken Beck, Ron Jeffries, and Ward Cunningham. During this time, the trio was working on the Chrysler Comprehensive Compensation System (C3) to help manage the company payroll system. eXtreme Programming (XP) is a software development methodology. It is designed to improve software quality and the ability of software to adapt to changing customer needs.
Feature-Driven Development is a pragmatic software process that is client and architecture-centric. Feature-Driven Development (FDD) is an agile software development model that organizes workflow according to which features need to be developed next.
A Gemba Walk is a fundamental component of lean management. It describes the personal observation of work to learn more about it. Gemba is a Japanese word that loosely translates as “the real place”, or in business, “the place where value is created”. The Gemba Walk as a concept was created by Taiichi Ohno, the father of the Toyota Production System of lean manufacturing. Ohno wanted to encourage management executives to leave their offices and see where the real work happened. This, he hoped, would build relationships between employees with vastly different skillsets and build trust.
GIST Planning is a relatively easy and lightweight agile approach to product planning that favors autonomous working. GIST Planning is a lean and agile methodology that was created by former Google product manager Itamar Gilad. GIST Planning seeks to address this situation by creating lightweight plans that are responsive and adaptable to change. GIST Planning also improves team velocity, autonomy, and alignment by reducing the pervasive influence of management. It consists of four blocks: goals, ideas, step-projects, and tasks.
The ICE Scoring Model is an agile methodology that prioritizes features using data according to three components: impact, confidence, and ease of implementation. The ICE Scoring Model was initially created by author and growth expert Sean Ellis to help companies expand. Today, the model is broadly used to prioritize projects, features, initiatives, and rollouts. It is ideally suited for early-stage product development where there is a continuous flow of ideas and momentum must be maintained.
An innovation funnel is a tool or process ensuring only the best ideas are executed. In a metaphorical sense, the funnel screens innovative ideas for viability so that only the best products, processes, or business models are launched to the market. An innovation funnel provides a framework for the screening and testing of innovative ideas for viability.
According to how well defined is the problem and how well defined the domain, we have four main types of innovations: basic research (problem and domain or not well defined); breakthrough innovation (domain is not well defined, the problem is well defined); sustaining innovation (both problem and domain are well defined); and disruptive innovation (domain is well defined, the problem is not well defined).
The innovation loop is a methodology/framework derived from the Bell Labs, which produced innovation at scale throughout the 20th century. They learned how to leverage a hybrid innovation management model based on science, invention, engineering, and manufacturing at scale. By leveraging individual genius, creativity, and small/large groups.
The Agile methodology has been primarily thought of for software development (and other business disciplines have also adopted it). Lean thinking is a process improvement technique where teams prioritize the value streams to improve it continuously. Both methodologies look at the customer as the key driver to improvement and waste reduction. Both methodologies look at improvement as something continuous.
A startup company is a high-tech business that tries to build a scalable business model in tech-driven industries. A startup company usually follows a lean methodology, where continuous innovation, driven by built-in viral loops is the rule. Thus, driving growth and building network effects as a consequence of this strategy.
As pointed out by Eric Ries, a minimum viable product is that version of a new product which allows a team to collect the maximum amount of validated learning about customers with the least effort through a cycle of build, measure, learn; that is the foundation of the lean startup methodology.
Kanban is a lean manufacturing framework first developed by Toyota in the late 1940s. The Kanban framework is a means of visualizing work as it moves through identifying potential bottlenecks. It does that through a process called just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing to optimize engineering processes, speed up manufacturing products, and improve the go-to-market strategy.
Jidoka was first used in 1896 by Sakichi Toyoda, who invented a textile loom that would stop automatically when it encountered a defective thread. Jidoka is a Japanese term used in lean manufacturing. The term describes a scenario where machines cease operating without human intervention when a problem or defect is discovered.
The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle was first proposed by American physicist and engineer Walter A. Shewhart in the 1920s. The PDCA cycle is a continuous process and product improvement method and an essential component of the lean manufacturing philosophy.
RAD was first introduced by author and consultant James Martin in 1991. Martin recognized and then took advantage of the endless malleability of software in designing development models. Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a methodology focusing on delivering rapidly through continuous feedback and frequent iterations.
Retrospective analyses are held after a project to determine what worked well and what did not. They are also conducted at the end of an iteration in Agile project management. Agile practitioners call these meetings retrospectives or retros. They are an effective way to check the pulse of a project team, reflect on the work performed to date, and reach a consensus on how to tackle the next sprint cycle. These are the five stages of a retrospective analysis for effective Agile project management: set the stage, gather the data, generate insights, decide on the next steps, and close the retrospective.
Scaled Agile Lean Development (ScALeD) helps businesses discover a balanced approach to agile transition and scaling questions. The ScALed approach helps businesses successfully respond to change. Inspired by a combination of lean and agile values, ScALed is practitioner-based and can be completed through various agile frameworks and practices.
The SMED (single minute exchange of die) method is a lean production framework to reduce waste and increase production efficiency. The SMED method is a framework for reducing the time associated with completing an equipment changeover.
The Spotify Model is an autonomous approach to scaling agile, focusing on culture communication, accountability, and quality. The Spotify model was first recognized in 2012 after Henrik Kniberg, and Anders Ivarsson released a white paper detailing how streaming company Spotify approached agility. Therefore, the Spotify model represents an evolution of agile.
As the name suggests, TDD is a test-driven technique for delivering high-quality software rapidly and sustainably. It is an iterative approach based on the idea that a failing test should be written before any code for a feature or function is written. Test-Driven Development (TDD) is an approach to software development that relies on very short development cycles.
Timeboxing is a simple yet powerful time-management technique for improving productivity. Timeboxing describes the process of proactively scheduling a block of time to spend on a task in the future. It was first described by author James Martin in a book about agile software development.
Scrum is a methodology co-created by Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland for effective team collaboration on complex products. Scrum was primarily thought for software development projects to deliver new software capability every 2-4 weeks. It is a sub-group of agile also used in project management to improve startups’ productivity.
Scrumban is a project management framework that is a hybrid of two popular agile methodologies: Scrum and Kanban. Scrumban is a popular approach to helping businesses focus on the right strategic tasks while simultaneously strengthening their processes.
Scrum anti-patterns describe any attractive, easy-to-implement solution that ultimately makes a problem worse. Therefore, these are the practice not to follow to prevent issues from emerging. Some classic examples of scrum anti-patterns comprise absent product owners, pre-assigned tickets (making individuals work in isolation), and discounting retrospectives (where review meetings are not useful to really make improvements).
Scrum at Scale (Scrum@Scale) is a framework that Scrum teams use to address complex problems and deliver high-value products. Scrum at Scale was created through a joint venture between the Scrum Alliance and Scrum Inc. The joint venture was overseen by Jeff Sutherland, a co-creator of Scrum and one of the principal authors of the Agile Manifesto.
Six Sigma is a data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating errors or defects in a product, service, or process. Six Sigma was developed by Motorola as a management approach based on quality fundamentals in the early 1980s. A decade later, it was popularized by General Electric who estimated that the methodology saved them $12 billion in the first five years of operation.
Stretch objectives describe any task an agile team plans to complete without expressly committing to do so. Teams incorporate stretch objectives during a Sprint or Program Increment (PI) as part of Scaled Agile. They are used when the agile team is unsure of its capacity to attain an objective. Therefore, stretch objectives are instead outcomes that, while extremely desirable, are not the difference between the success or failure of each sprint.
The Toyota Production System (TPS) is an early form of lean manufacturing created by auto-manufacturer Toyota. Created by the Toyota Motor Corporation in the 1940s and 50s, the Toyota Production System seeks to manufacture vehicles ordered by customers most quickly and efficiently possible.
The Total Quality Management (TQM) framework is a technique based on the premise that employees continuously work on their ability to provide value to customers. Importantly, the word “total” means that all employees are involved in the process – regardless of whether they work in development, production, or fulfillment.
The waterfall model was first described by Herbert D. Benington in 1956 during a presentation about the software used in radar imaging during the Cold War. Since there were no knowledge-based, creative software development strategies at the time, the waterfall method became standard practice. The waterfall model is a linear and sequential project management framework.
Gennaro is the creator of FourWeekMBA, which reached about four million business people, comprising C-level executives, investors, analysts, product managers, and aspiring digital entrepreneurs in 2022 alone | He is also Director of Sales for a high-tech scaleup in the AI Industry | In 2012, Gennaro earned an International MBA with emphasis on Corporate Finance and Business Strategy.
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