Lagging indicators are outputs that measure the performance of leading indicators (inputs). Thus, they are easier to measure but harder to get impacted compared to a leading indicator. In short, a leading indicator has the power to influence change, but a lagging indicator can only record what has happened already.

Key elements of a leading indicator

This makes them much easier to measure but impossible to change because they are measures of events that have already taken place.

Decision-makers may ask:

• How much product was produced?
• How many people attended the event?
• What response did the product receive?

With these answers, lagging indicators give decision-makers insight into what has occurred and what could be done differently in the future. A lagging indicator may measure profit, revenue, customer participation, or expenses. 

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