Skip-Level Meetings

Skip-level meetings are a management practice where a supervisor meets with employees who are not directly reporting to them. These meetings skip the immediate manager or supervisor and allow higher-level managers to connect directly with employees at lower levels of the organization. The purpose of skip-level meetings is to foster open communication, build relationships, gain insights into the organization’s culture and operations, and address any concerns or issues that employees may have.

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of skip-level meetings is multifaceted:

  • Open Communication: Skip-level meetings provide a forum for employees to voice their opinions, concerns, and ideas directly to higher-level managers without fear of reprisal or judgment.
  • Relationship Building: Skip-level meetings allow managers to build relationships and establish rapport with employees at all levels of the organization, fostering a sense of inclusivity and belonging.
  • Insights and Feedback: Skip-level meetings enable managers to gain insights into the organization’s culture, operations, and challenges from the perspective of frontline employees, facilitating informed decision-making and problem-solving.
  • Employee Development: Skip-level meetings offer opportunities for managers to provide feedback, guidance, and mentorship to employees, supporting their professional growth and development.

Principal Concepts

  • Hierarchy: Skip-level meetings challenge traditional hierarchical structures by bypassing intermediate layers of management and enabling direct communication between higher-level managers and frontline employees.
  • Employee Engagement: Skip-level meetings contribute to employee engagement by empowering employees to share their thoughts, concerns, and ideas with senior leadership, fostering a sense of ownership and accountability.
  • Organizational Culture: Skip-level meetings provide insights into the organization’s culture and values by facilitating dialogue and interaction between employees and managers from different levels and departments.

Theoretical Foundations of Skip-Level Meetings

Skip-level meetings draw on principles from various theoretical perspectives, including:

  • Participative Management: Skip-level meetings align with principles of participative management, which emphasize involving employees in decision-making processes and creating a culture of collaboration and empowerment.
  • Employee Voice: Skip-level meetings support the concept of employee voice, which refers to employees’ ability to express their opinions, ideas, and concerns about work-related issues.

Components of Skip-Level Meetings

Skip-level meetings typically involve the following components:

  1. Preparation: Managers prepare for skip-level meetings by identifying objectives, topics for discussion, and relevant background information, as well as scheduling meetings with individual employees or groups.
  2. Facilitation: During skip-level meetings, managers facilitate open and honest dialogue, actively listening to employees’ perspectives, asking probing questions, and providing feedback and guidance as needed.
  3. Follow-up: After skip-level meetings, managers follow up with employees to address any outstanding issues or concerns, provide updates on action items, and maintain ongoing communication and support.

Applications of Skip-Level Meetings

Skip-level meetings have diverse applications across contexts, including:

  • Employee Engagement: Skip-level meetings enhance employee engagement by giving employees a voice in decision-making processes, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment to organizational goals.
  • Leadership Development: Skip-level meetings provide opportunities for leadership development by allowing managers to practice active listening, empathy, and coaching skills, as well as gain insights into employee perspectives and experiences.

Industries Influenced by Skip-Level Meetings

Skip-level meetings have influenced a wide range of industries and sectors, including:

  • Technology: In the technology industry, skip-level meetings are used to promote innovation, collaboration, and continuous improvement by facilitating communication and alignment between technical teams and senior leadership.
  • Retail: In the retail sector, skip-level meetings are employed to enhance employee morale, motivation, and job satisfaction by creating opportunities for frontline employees to interact with corporate executives and share their insights and experiences.

Advantages of Skip-Level Meetings

  • Enhanced Communication: Skip-level meetings improve communication and information flow within the organization by breaking down silos and fostering cross-functional collaboration and understanding.
  • Increased Employee Engagement: Skip-level meetings boost employee engagement and morale by demonstrating that senior leadership values and respects employees’ opinions, input, and contributions.
  • Better Decision-Making: Skip-level meetings inform decision-making processes by providing managers with firsthand insights into frontline operations, challenges, and opportunities, enabling them to make more informed and effective decisions.

Challenges and Considerations in Implementing Skip-Level Meetings

Despite their benefits, skip-level meetings present challenges:

  • Managerial Resistance: Some managers may resist skip-level meetings due to concerns about loss of control, reduced authority, or perceived inefficiency in decision-making processes.
  • Time and Resource Constraints: Organizing and conducting skip-level meetings requires time and resources, including scheduling logistics, travel arrangements, and coordination with multiple stakeholders.

Integration with Broader Organizational Practices

To maximize the benefits of skip-level meetings, they should be integrated with broader organizational practices:

  • Performance Management: Skip-level meetings complement performance management processes by providing managers with additional insights into employees’ strengths, areas for improvement, and career aspirations.
  • Employee Feedback Systems: Skip-level meetings support employee feedback systems by encouraging open dialogue and soliciting input from employees on organizational policies, processes, and practices.

Future Directions in Skip-Level Meetings

As skip-level meetings continue to evolve, future trends may include:

  • Virtual Platforms: Leveraging virtual meeting platforms and technologies to conduct skip-level meetings remotely, enabling broader participation and reducing logistical barriers.
  • Data Analytics: Using data analytics tools and techniques to analyze skip-level meeting data and identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement in communication, engagement, and organizational performance.

Conclusion

Skip-level meetings are a valuable management practice that facilitates open communication, builds relationships, and fosters employee engagement within organizations. By providing opportunities for direct interaction between higher-level managers and frontline employees, skip-level meetings promote transparency, trust, and collaboration, as well as enable informed decision-making and problem-solving. While challenges may arise in implementing skip-level meetings, their benefits in enhancing communication, engagement, and organizational performance make them a worthwhile investment for organizations seeking to cultivate a positive and inclusive workplace culture.

Read Next: Organizational Structure.

Types of Organizational Structures

organizational-structure-types
Organizational Structures

Siloed Organizational Structures

Functional

functional-organizational-structure
In a functional organizational structure, groups and teams are organized based on function. Therefore, this organization follows a top-down structure, where most decision flows from top management to bottom. Thus, the bottom of the organization mostly follows the strategy detailed by the top of the organization.

Divisional

divisional-organizational-structure

Open Organizational Structures

Matrix

matrix-organizational-structure

Flat

flat-organizational-structure
In a flat organizational structure, there is little to no middle management between employees and executives. Therefore it reduces the space between employees and executives to enable an effective communication flow within the organization, thus being faster and leaner.

Connected Business Frameworks

Portfolio Management

project-portfolio-matrix
Project portfolio management (PPM) is a systematic approach to selecting and managing a collection of projects aligned with organizational objectives. That is a business process of managing multiple projects which can be identified, prioritized, and managed within the organization. PPM helps organizations optimize their investments by allocating resources efficiently across all initiatives.

Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model

kotters-8-step-change-model
Harvard Business School professor Dr. John Kotter has been a thought-leader on organizational change, and he developed Kotter’s 8-step change model, which helps business managers deal with organizational change. Kotter created the 8-step model to drive organizational transformation.

Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model

nadler-tushman-congruence-model
The Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model was created by David Nadler and Michael Tushman at Columbia University. The Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model is a diagnostic tool that identifies problem areas within a company. In the context of business, congruence occurs when the goals of different people or interest groups coincide.

McKinsey’s Seven Degrees of Freedom

mckinseys-seven-degrees
McKinsey’s Seven Degrees of Freedom for Growth is a strategy tool. Developed by partners at McKinsey and Company, the tool helps businesses understand which opportunities will contribute to expansion, and therefore it helps to prioritize those initiatives.

Mintzberg’s 5Ps

5ps-of-strategy
Mintzberg’s 5Ps of Strategy is a strategy development model that examines five different perspectives (plan, ploy, pattern, position, perspective) to develop a successful business strategy. A sixth perspective has been developed over the years, called Practice, which was created to help businesses execute their strategies.

COSO Framework

coso-framework
The COSO framework is a means of designing, implementing, and evaluating control within an organization. The COSO framework’s five components are control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring activities. As a fraud risk management tool, businesses can design, implement, and evaluate internal control procedures.

TOWS Matrix

tows-matrix
The TOWS Matrix is an acronym for Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Strengths. The matrix is a variation on the SWOT Analysis, and it seeks to address criticisms of the SWOT Analysis regarding its inability to show relationships between the various categories.

Lewin’s Change Management

lewins-change-management-model
Lewin’s change management model helps businesses manage the uncertainty and resistance associated with change. Kurt Lewin, one of the first academics to focus his research on group dynamics, developed a three-stage model. He proposed that the behavior of individuals happened as a function of group behavior.

Organizational Structure Case Studies

OpenAI Organizational Structure

openai-organizational-structure
OpenAI is an artificial intelligence research laboratory that transitioned into a for-profit organization in 2019. The corporate structure is organized around two entities: OpenAI, Inc., which is a single-member Delaware LLC controlled by OpenAI non-profit, And OpenAI LP, which is a capped, for-profit organization. The OpenAI LP is governed by the board of OpenAI, Inc (the foundation), which acts as a General Partner. At the same time, Limited Partners comprise employees of the LP, some of the board members, and other investors like Reid Hoffman’s charitable foundation, Khosla Ventures, and Microsoft, the leading investor in the LP.

Airbnb Organizational Structure

airbnb-organizational-structure
Airbnb follows a holacracy model, or a sort of flat organizational structure, where teams are organized for projects, to move quickly and iterate fast, thus keeping a lean and flexible approach. Airbnb also moved to a hybrid model where employees can work from anywhere and meet on a quarterly basis to plan ahead, and connect to each other.

Amazon Organizational Structure

amazon-organizational-structure
The Amazon organizational structure is predominantly hierarchical with elements of function-based structure and geographic divisions. While Amazon started as a lean, flat organization in its early years, it transitioned into a hierarchical organization with its jobs and functions clearly defined as it scaled.

Apple Organizational Structure

apple-organizational-structure
Apple has a traditional hierarchical structure with product-based grouping and some collaboration between divisions.

Coca-Cola Organizational Structure

coca-cola-organizational-structure
The Coca-Cola Company has a somewhat complex matrix organizational structure with geographic divisions, product divisions, business-type units, and functional groups.

Costco Organizational Structure

costco-organizational-structure
Costco has a matrix organizational structure, which can simply be defined as any structure that combines two or more different types. In this case, a predominant functional structure exists with a more secondary divisional structure. Costco’s geographic divisions reflect its strong presence in the United States combined with its expanding global presence. There are six divisions in the country alone to reflect its standing as the source of most company revenue. Compared to competitor Walmart, for example, Costco takes more a decentralized approach to management, decision-making, and autonomy. This allows the company’s stores and divisions to more flexibly respond to local market conditions.

Dell Organizational Structure

dell-organizational-structure
Dell has a functional organizational structure with some degree of decentralization. This means functional departments share information, contribute ideas to the success of the organization and have some degree of decision-making power.

eBay Organizational Structure

ebay-organizational-structure
eBay was until recently a multi-divisional (M-form) organization with semi-autonomous units grouped according to the services they provided. Today, eBay has a single division called Marketplace, which includes eBay and its international iterations.

Facebook Organizational Structure

facebook-organizational-structure
Facebook is characterized by a multi-faceted matrix organizational structure. The company utilizes a flat organizational structure in combination with corporate function-based teams and product-based or geographic divisions. The flat organization structure is organized around the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg, and the key executives around him. On the other hand, the function-based teams are based on the main corporate functions (like HR, product management, investor relations, and so on).

Goldman Sachs’ Organizational Structure

goldman-sacks-organizational-structures
Goldman Sachs has a hierarchical structure with a clear chain of command and defined career advancement process. The structure is also underpinned by business-type divisions and function-based groups.

Google Organizational Structure

google-organizational-structure
Google (Alphabet) has a cross-functional (team-based) organizational structure known as a matrix structure with some degree of flatness. Over the years, as the company scaled and it became a tech giant, its organizational structure is morphing more into a centralized organization.

IBM Organizational Structure

ibm-organizational-structure
IBM has an organizational structure characterized by product-based divisions, enabling its strategy to develop innovative and competitive products in multiple markets. IBM is also characterized by function-based segments that support product development and innovation for each product-based division, which include Global Markets, Integrated Supply Chain, Research, Development, and Intellectual Property.

McDonald’s Organizational Structure

mcdonald-organizational-structure
McDonald’s has a divisional organizational structure where each division – based on geographical location – is assigned operational responsibilities and strategic objectives. The main geographical divisions are the US, internationally operated markets, and international developmental licensed markets. And on the other hand, the hierarchical leadership structure is organized around regional and functional divisions.

McKinsey Organizational Structure

mckinsey-organizational-structure
McKinsey & Company has a decentralized organizational structure with mostly self-managing offices, committees, and employees. There are also functional groups and geographic divisions with proprietary names.

Microsoft Organizational Structure

microsoft-organizational-structure
Microsoft has a product-type divisional organizational structure based on functions and engineering groups. As the company scaled over time it also became more hierarchical, however still keeping its hybrid approach between functions, engineering groups, and management.

Nestlé Organizational Structure

nestle-organizational-structure
Nestlé has a geographical divisional structure with operations segmented into five key regions. For many years, Swiss multinational food and drink company Nestlé had a complex and decentralized matrix organizational structure where its numerous brands and subsidiaries were free to operate autonomously.

Nike Organizational Structure

nike-organizational-structure
Nike has a matrix organizational structure incorporating geographic divisions. Nike’s matrix structure is also present at the regional and sub-regional levels. Managerial responsibility is segmented according to business unit (apparel, footwear, and equipment) and function (human resources, finance, marketing, sales, and operations).

Patagonia Organizational Structure

patagonia-organizational-structure
Patagonia has a particular organizational structure, where its founder, Chouinard, disposed of the company’s ownership in the hands of two non-profits. The Patagonia Purpose Trust, holding 100% of the voting stocks, is in charge of defining the company’s strategic direction. And the Holdfast Collective, a non-profit, holds 100% of non-voting stocks, aiming to re-invest the brand’s dividends into environmental causes.

Samsung Organizational Structure

samsung-organizational-structure (1)
Samsung has a product-type divisional organizational structure where products determine how resources and business operations are categorized. The main resources around which Samsung’s corporate structure is organized are consumer electronics, IT, and device solutions. In addition, Samsung leadership functions are organized around a few career levels grades, based on experience (assistant, professional, senior professional, and principal professional).

Sony Organizational Structure

sony-organizational-structure
Sony has a matrix organizational structure primarily based on function-based groups and product/business divisions. The structure also incorporates geographical divisions. In 2021, Sony announced the overhauling of its organizational structure, changing its name from Sony Corporation to Sony Group Corporation to better identify itself as the headquarters of the Sony group of companies skewing the company toward product divisions.

Starbucks Organizational Structure

starbucks-organizational-structure
Starbucks follows a matrix organizational structure with a combination of vertical and horizontal structures. It is characterized by multiple, overlapping chains of command and divisions.

Tesla Organizational Structure

tesla-organizational-structure
Tesla is characterized by a functional organizational structure with aspects of a hierarchical structure. Tesla does employ functional centers that cover all business activities, including finance, sales, marketing, technology, engineering, design, and the offices of the CEO and chairperson. Tesla’s headquarters in Austin, Texas, decide the strategic direction of the company, with international operations given little autonomy.

Toyota Organizational Structure

toyota-organizational-structure
Toyota has a divisional organizational structure where business operations are centered around the market, product, and geographic groups. Therefore, Toyota organizes its corporate structure around global hierarchies (most strategic decisions come from Japan’s headquarter), product-based divisions (where the organization is broken down, based on each product line), and geographical divisions (according to the geographical areas under management).

Walmart Organizational Structure

walmart-organizational-structure
Walmart has a hybrid hierarchical-functional organizational structure, otherwise referred to as a matrix structure that combines multiple approaches. On the one hand, Walmart follows a hierarchical structure, where the current CEO Doug McMillon is the only employee without a direct superior, and directives are sent from top-level management. On the other hand, the function-based structure of Walmart is used to categorize employees according to their particular skills and experience.

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