• Stack ownership determines value capture: in AI-native markets, compute, models, and orchestration layers compound together; the deeper the stack ownership, the stronger the moat.
• Cost structures invert competitive hierarchies: infrastructure players gain structural cost advantages that widen with scale, compressing SaaS economics.
• AI-native verticals can bypass SaaS entirely, but even they rely on foundational infrastructure owned by Microsoft, Google, and Amazon.

1. Context: Value Flight From SaaS to Infrastructure

The 20-year SaaS playbook assumed that interfaces were the primary layer for value capture – dashboards, workflows, and UX.
AI collapses that advantage.

Two forces drive the shift:

1. AI shifts the locus of value from human interfaces to machine orchestration
   – The core value is no longer the UI.
   – It is the model layer, the orchestration layer, and the compute layer that makes autonomous execution possible.
2. Compute becomes the gating resource
   – Who owns GPUs/TPUs controls throughput, latency, and cost structure.
   – Every AI-native product becomes dependent on upstream compute economics.

This forces a structural migration: value flows downward to infrastructure players.

2. The Three Compounding Advantages

The image illustrates a simple but powerful idea: each layer reinforces the next, creating nonlinear economies of scale.

Advantage 1: Full-Stack Control

Infrastructure players own:

• Compute
• Infrastructure
• Models
• App ecosystem

This means they can:

• Optimize across the entire stack
• Minimize dependency drag
• Control latency, performance, and cost profiles end-to-end
• Create switching costs that compound over time

Mechanism: Control over the lowest denominator (compute) gives leverage over every layer above it.
SaaS vendors sitting only at the top cannot escape this dependence.

Result:
Platforms with integrated compute + models + apps increase value density per user faster than SaaS vendors can add features.

Advantage 2: Structural Cost Advantage

Owners of the full stack benefit from:

• Custom silicon
• Shared infrastructure
• Op-ex spread across billions of inference calls
• Co-optimization of storage, memory, and model architecture

As usage grows:

• Unit costs drop
• Margins improve
• Lower prices attract more usage
• More usage further lowers unit costs

This creates a scale-driven feedback loop SaaS vendors cannot match.

SaaS companies have:

• Higher COGS per inference
• No control over upstream model costs
• Margins that shrink with AI adoption

Infrastructure platforms have the opposite profile:
AI-native workloads increase margin leverage.

Advantage 3: Multi-Layer Monetization

Infrastructure players monetize every layer:

1. Apps (Copilot, Gemini Workspace, Bedrock tools)
2. Models (Gemini, GPT, proprietary vertical models)
3. Infra/Compute (Azure, GCP, AWS)

The same customer pays:

• For the app
• For the model
• For the compute used to run the model
• For the storage
• For monitoring, guardrails, and orchestration

This is a multi-layer tax on the AI economy.

SaaS incumbents have only one layer — the application — and that layer is being compressed by AI-native automation.

Conclusion:
Infrastructure players capture more value per customer and more value per cycle of usage.

3. How the Infrastructure Players Execute

Microsoft: The Integrator

Microsoft’s strategy is the most coherent:

• Azure controls compute
• OpenAI partnership controls model innovation
• Office 365 controls workflow surfaces
• Copilot links them all

Microsoft converts every enterprise workflow into:
“Compute → Model → App” → recurring revenue on all three layers.

This is the strongest flywheel in the AI economy.

Google: The Optimizer

Google builds the most efficient AI infrastructure:

• Custom TPUs
• GPU alternatives
• End-to-end Geminified architecture

Its cost structure advantage → lowest cost per inference → strongest long-term pricing power.

Google competes not by owning the most apps, but by owning the densest throughput.

Amazon: The Platform

Amazon’s strategy:

• Bedrock as model marketplace
• AWS as dominant cloud
• Trainium/Inferentia for custom AI silicon
• Agentic frameworks on top

Amazon’s strength:
Agnostic model selection + world’s largest infrastructure footprint.

Its long-term advantage comes from massive scale economics.

4. Why Infrastructure Players Win

Mechanism 1: Compute Becomes the Bottleneck

AI-native products rely on massive compute throughput.
SaaS vendors cannot escape this dependency.

Compute ownership = bargaining power = margin control.

Mechanism 2: Integration Depth Raises Switching Costs

The more a company:

• stores data in one cloud
• builds apps on that cloud
• relies on that cloud’s models
• adopts its agent frameworks

…the harder migration becomes.

Switching is no longer a “move the database” problem.
It is a rebuild the orchestration engine problem.

Mechanism 3: Compounding Layer Advantage

When infrastructure players optimize:

• silicon → model → orchestration → app layer

…performance compounds nonlinearly.

SaaS vendors add incremental value.
Infrastructure players add exponential value.

5. What This Means for SaaS

SaaS is compressing from both sides:

1. AI-native verticals bypass them
   — Build domain-specific autonomous agents
   — Integrate directly with model and workflow layers
   — Escape SaaS’ interface-heavy architecture
2. Infrastructure players absorb horizontal workflows
   — Copilot replaces generic knowledge work
   — Gemini replaces collaborative search + summarization
   — Bedrock replaces orchestration layers

SaaS incumbents face a strategic choke:

• Interfaces no longer differentiate
• Workflows no longer differentiate
• AI-native orchestration replaces dashboards and forms

The only viable strategies are hybrid AI-native transitions or deep vertical specialization.

Conclusion

Infrastructure players win because the AI-native economy rewards:

• compute control
• integration depth
• cost structure scalability
• multi-layer monetization

SaaS incumbents built for the human-interface era cannot match these structural advantages without re-architecting from first principles.

Full analysis available at https://businessengineer.ai/