Schramm Communication Model
Noise in Communication
Helical Model of Communication
Integrated Marketing Communication
Social Penetration Theory
Hypodermic Needle Theory
Aristotle’s Model of Communication
Transactional Model of Communication
Communication Cycle
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Berlo’s SMCR Model
Lasswell Communication Model
Key Highlights
- Schramm Communication Model:
- Created in 1954 by Wilbur Schramm, a pioneer in communication studies.
- Noise in Communication:
- Noise refers to any factor that disrupts effective communication between sender and receiver.
- Communication noise hinders message transmission.
- Helical Model of Communication:
- Framework inspired by a helix, presenting communication as cyclical, continuous, accumulative, and influenced by time and experience.
- Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC):
- Social Penetration Theory:
- Developed by Taylor and Altman in 1973.
- Proposes that relationships progress from shallow to intimate communication as they develop.
- Hypodermic Needle Theory:
- Proposed by Harold Lasswell in 1927.
- Suggests media messages are directly injected into passive audiences’ minds.
- Aristotle’s Model of Communication:
- Linear model emphasizing public speaking, developed by Aristotle.
- Focuses on the speaker, message, audience, effect, and occasion.
- Transactional Model of Communication:
- Communication Cycle:
- Linear model depicting communication as one-way process from sender to receiver.
- Lacks a feedback loop between sender and receiver.
- Uncertainty Reduction Theory:
- Developed by Berger and Calabrese in 1975.
- Suggests individuals seek to minimize uncertainty in social interactions.
- Berlo’s SMCR Model:
- Created by David Berlo in 1960, expanding the Shannon-Weaver model.
- One-way communication framework focused on sender-message-channel-receiver components.
- Lasswell Communication Model:
- Linear model dividing communication into segments.
- Lasswell believed media propaganda served surveillance, correlation, and transmission functions.