The GPU economy is defined by a set of metrics that reveal structural scarcity at every level.
Market Size & Structure
- $307.5B — Total AI Chip Market (2022-2025), 20.3M chips shipped
- 78.6% — NVIDIA Revenue Share ($241.7B of total market)
- $51.2B — NVIDIA Q3 2026 Data Center Revenue (90% of total)
- $320B — NVIDIA FY2027 Backlog (+88% potential growth)
Hyperscaler Capital Expenditure
- $371B — 2025 Total CapEx (+44% YoY)
- $600B — 2026 Projected (+36% YoY)
- $1.15T — 2025-2027 Total (Goldman Sachs estimate)
- $125B — Amazon 2025 (+61% YoY, largest spender)
Supply Chain Constraints
- HBM Memory — Sold out through 2026-2027, +420% DRAM price surge 2024
- CoWoS Packaging — 3-4x demand vs capacity, NVIDIA controls 70%+
- Energy Infrastructure — 7 years grid interconnection wait
- Utility Response — $1 Trillion CapEx 2025-2029
Competitor Landscape
- Google TPU — 13.3% compute, best value at $5,579/H100e
- Amazon Trainium — 10.9% compute, 2.5M chips 2024-25
- AMD MI300X — 5.8% compute, Meta 100% Llama on MI300X
- Huawei Ascend — 4.1% compute, 910C 2.7x beats H20
The ROI Gap: Only 25% of AI initiatives deliver ROI, <20% scaled enterprise-wide.
This is part of a comprehensive analysis. Read the full analysis on The Business Engineer.
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