The Great Interface Inversion isn’t unprecedented. Every major technology transition in computing history followed the same structural logic — and each one took longer than predicted.
Where Value Has Moved With Every Era
- Mainframe Era (1960s–80s): Value = Hardware. IBM owned the stack through iron.
- PC Era (1980s–90s): Value = Operating System. Microsoft owned the stack through Windows.
- Internet Era (1990s–2010s): Value = Browser. Google owned the stack through search + Chrome.
- Mobile Era (2010s–20s): Value = App. Apple owned the stack through iOS + App Store.
- Agent Era (2025–2035+): Value = Data / Knowledge Graph. Who owns the data owns the agent economy.
Three Rules That Repeat Every Time
1. Took Longer Than Predicted. Every transition’s initial narrative predicted faster destruction than what actually occurred. Narratives are fast. Transitions are slow.
2. Followed a Multi-Horizon Path. Not binary alive/dead but a phased migration across overlapping time horizons. Three acts, not one.
3. Required Existing Scaffolding. The new system ran on top of the old for years before the economics fully inverted. Metamorphosis, not demolition.
The Bottom Line
The SaaS stack is not being destroyed — it is being subsumed. The migration takes time, follows a trust curve, and depends on the very infrastructure it is transforming. This is not a 5-year tech cycle. It is a 10–15 year full transition from Horizon 1 to Horizon 3.
The interface era is ending. It is just ending in three acts, not one.









