
Three Standards, One Infrastructure Battle
Three competing protocols are racing to become the standard for AI agent commerce. Google’s Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) covers the full shopping journey. OpenAI and Stripe’s Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP) focuses on checkout. Anthropic’s Model Context Protocol (MCP) provides general-purpose AI connectivity.
The winner defines how AI agents interact with commerce for the next decade. Merchants face fragmentation now, consolidation later.
This is TCP/IP for agentic commerce.
Competing Standards for Agentic Commerce
Google: Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP)
- Full journey coverage (Discovery → Checkout → Support)
- 50B+ products already indexed
- Retailer stays merchant of record
- Works with existing ad infra
Launch Partners (20+): Shopify, Etsy, Wayfair, Target, Walmart, BigCommerce
OpenAI/Stripe: Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP)
- Checkout-focused
- Open source (Apache 2.0)
- Works with any payment processor
- Transaction fee on purchase
- Still building merchant data feeds
Partners: Stripe, Etsy, 1M+ Shopify merchants (coming soon)
Anthropic: Model Context Protocol (MCP)
- General-purpose AI connectivity
- Broader infrastructure layer
- Not commerce-specific
- Compatible with UCP/ACP
- Foundation for commerce protocols
Head-to-Head Analysis
| Dimension | Google UCP | OpenAI/Stripe ACP | Anthropic MCP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scope | Full journey (discover → return) | Checkout only | General AI connectivity |
| Monetization | Ads (CPC) | Transaction fee | N/A (infra layer) |
| License | Proprietary | Apache 2.0 (open source) | Open source |
| Data Readiness | 50B+ products indexed | Building merchant feeds | Connects to any data source |
| Key Partners | Shopify, Walmart, Target, 20+ | Stripe, Etsy, Shopify (coming) | Broad AI ecosystem |
The Real Battle
This is a business model war disguised as a protocol war. Google needs ads to survive; OpenAI is betting on transaction fees. The protocol that wins merchant adoption defines the economics of agentic commerce for the next decade.
This is part of a comprehensive analysis. Read the full analysis on The Business Engineer.









